{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2000293412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903318889","title":"An application-driven approach to terrain model construction","display_name":"An application-driven approach to terrain model construction","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-04-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2000293412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903318889","mag":"2000293412"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810903318889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903318889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111674073","display_name":"Amii R. Darnell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amii R. Darnell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019078599","display_name":"Andrew Lovett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0554-9273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew A. Lovett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076313934","display_name":"Jenni Barclay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6122-197X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenni Barclay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109467983","display_name":"Richard A. Herd","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","display_name":"University of East Anglia","ror":"https://ror.org/026k5mg93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Herd","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5111674073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8724301,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"8","first_page":"1171","last_page":"1191"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10889","display_name":"Soil erosion and sediment transport","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrain","display_name":"Terrain","score":0.813880205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7107579112052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.5811668038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.5183209180831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.49568140506744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4929506778717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4902823269367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.47177910804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.45315834879875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-modelling","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","score":0.4186440110206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3193906545639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2727115750312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25712552666664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.25410354137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.2442026138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.178817480802536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.14751651883125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14291971921920776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.813880205154419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7107579112052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.5811668038368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.5183209180831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.49568140506744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4929506778717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4902823269367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.47177910804748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.45315834879875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127491075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617825","display_name":"Stochastic modelling","level":2,"score":0.4186440110206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3193906545639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2727115750312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25712552666664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25410354137420654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2442026138305664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.178817480802536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.14751651883125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14291971921920776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810903318889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810903318889","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:20268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/20268/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400384","display_name":"UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1118541","host_organization_name":"University of East Anglia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1118541"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21634722","https://openalex.org/W69031092","https://openalex.org/W1498880722","https://openalex.org/W1529043441","https://openalex.org/W1580513099","https://openalex.org/W1586643666","https://openalex.org/W1593717918","https://openalex.org/W1603403354","https://openalex.org/W1978049352","https://openalex.org/W1979856996","https://openalex.org/W1986450574","https://openalex.org/W1991428021","https://openalex.org/W1998281699","https://openalex.org/W2007105189","https://openalex.org/W2011914776","https://openalex.org/W2013859443","https://openalex.org/W2019595634","https://openalex.org/W2026088215","https://openalex.org/W2026105918","https://openalex.org/W2039630720","https://openalex.org/W2043396798","https://openalex.org/W2050910459","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2054963212","https://openalex.org/W2074960679","https://openalex.org/W2079601158","https://openalex.org/W2083177265","https://openalex.org/W2084491030","https://openalex.org/W2085715291","https://openalex.org/W2090260095","https://openalex.org/W2094255508","https://openalex.org/W2097391681","https://openalex.org/W2112884744","https://openalex.org/W2119534769","https://openalex.org/W2125277989","https://openalex.org/W2136786342","https://openalex.org/W2136921327","https://openalex.org/W2138766682","https://openalex.org/W2142198950","https://openalex.org/W2142959563","https://openalex.org/W2151022888","https://openalex.org/W2151897820","https://openalex.org/W2153759474","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2165654941","https://openalex.org/W2165694363","https://openalex.org/W2166404609","https://openalex.org/W4210387355"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361090956","https://openalex.org/W2903781741","https://openalex.org/W3043572015","https://openalex.org/W3030200589","https://openalex.org/W4327518252","https://openalex.org/W3080968762","https://openalex.org/W769091001","https://openalex.org/W2139505803","https://openalex.org/W1991428021","https://openalex.org/W2903579380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terrain":[0],"is":[1,6,13,49,194,205,214],"a":[2,96,125,144],"surface":[3,39],"phenomenon":[4],"that":[5,25,64,169,196,213],"measured,":[7],"modelled,":[8],"and":[9,16,41,59,85,130,140,167,181,189],"mapped.":[10],"However,":[11],"it":[12],"continuously":[14],"variable":[15],"must":[17],"be":[18],"simulated":[19],"by":[20,32,216],"points":[21],"or":[22],"mathematical":[23],"equations":[24],"are":[26,65,73],"inherently":[27],"approximations.":[28],"The":[29,93],"error":[30,121,153],"induced":[31],"digitally":[33],"represented":[34],"terrain":[35,83,162],"can":[36,52],"propagate":[37],"to":[38,54,70,102,109],"derivatives":[40],"geographical":[42],"information":[43,177],"science":[44],"(GIS)":[45],"applications":[46],"where":[47],"topography":[48],"considered.":[50],"This":[51,75],"lead":[53],"uncertainty":[55,81,139],"in":[56,82,107,197],"model":[57,157,163,187,202,212],"predictions":[58],"the":[60,68,78,87,114,148,155,186,191,217],"use":[61],"of":[62,80,95,117,147,151,199,201],"data":[63],"unfit":[66],"for":[67,89,161,208],"application":[69],"which":[71],"they":[72],"intended.":[74],"article":[76],"outlines":[77],"problem":[79],"representation":[84],"demonstrates":[86],"consequences":[88],"volcanic":[90],"mudflow":[91],"modelling.":[92],"response":[94],"simple":[97],"least-cost":[98],"single":[99],"flow":[100,156],"algorithm":[101],"input":[103,118],"parameters":[104],"was":[105,122],"investigated":[106],"order":[108],"assess":[110],"output":[111],"variation":[112],"from":[113,178],"different":[115],"sources":[116],"variation.":[119],"Elevation":[120],"modelled":[123],"with":[124,176],"probability":[126],"density":[127],"function":[128],"(PDF)":[129],"propagated":[131],"through":[132],"stochastic":[133],"simulation":[134],"(Monte":[135],"Carlo).":[136],"Such":[137],"combined":[138],"sensitivity":[141],"analyses":[142],"enabled":[143],"qualitative":[145],"judgement":[146],"relative":[149],"significance":[150],"elevation":[152,211],"on":[154],"prediction.":[158],"Different":[159],"methods":[160],"construction":[164],"were":[165],"considered":[166],"show":[168],"supplementing":[170],"global":[171],"positioning":[172],"system":[173],"(GPS)":[174],"measurements":[175],"field":[179],"notes":[180],"reconnaissance":[182],"photographs":[183],"greatly":[184],"improved":[185],"performance":[188],"reduced":[190],"uncertainty.":[192],"It":[193],"concluded":[195],"terms":[198],"validity":[200],"results,":[203],"there":[204],"no":[206],"substitute":[207],"constructing":[209],"an":[210],"informed":[215],"terrain.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}