{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2157093342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626236","title":"Using co\u2010occurrence models for placename disambiguation","display_name":"Using co\u2010occurrence models for placename disambiguation","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2157093342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626236","mag":"2157093342"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810701626236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008534257","display_name":"Simon Overell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Simon Overell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia and Information Systems, Department of Computing, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK","Multimedia and Information Systems , Department of Computing , South Kensington Campus , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia and Information Systems, Department of Computing, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia and Information Systems , Department of Computing , South Kensington Campus , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112279721","display_name":"Stefan R\u00fcger","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","display_name":"The Open University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mzfcs16","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefan R\u00fcger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","Multimedia and Information Systems, Department of Computing, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK","Knowledge Media Institute , the Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","Multimedia and Information Systems , Department of Computing , South Kensington Campus , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute, the Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia and Information Systems, Department of Computing, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Knowledge Media Institute , the Open University , Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia and Information Systems , Department of Computing , South Kensington Campus , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008534257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":85,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97546487,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"3","first_page":"265","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co-occurrence","display_name":"Co-occurrence","score":0.4886975586414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4320238530635834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.41116559505462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.32192447781562805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154290570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756768","display_name":"Co-occurrence","level":2,"score":0.4886975586414337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4320238530635834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.41116559505462646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.32192447781562805}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810701626236","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810701626236","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:11946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/11946/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74366724","https://openalex.org/W1484522762","https://openalex.org/W1486097837","https://openalex.org/W1503488576","https://openalex.org/W1546195864","https://openalex.org/W1574862351","https://openalex.org/W1576520375","https://openalex.org/W1601137985","https://openalex.org/W1604938182","https://openalex.org/W1713128408","https://openalex.org/W1731244441","https://openalex.org/W1973312357","https://openalex.org/W1979987551","https://openalex.org/W1980917420","https://openalex.org/W1989602990","https://openalex.org/W1990811607","https://openalex.org/W1995855646","https://openalex.org/W2003869148","https://openalex.org/W2015629112","https://openalex.org/W2029433174","https://openalex.org/W2036088352","https://openalex.org/W2047620598","https://openalex.org/W2057737049","https://openalex.org/W2098618819","https://openalex.org/W2101210369","https://openalex.org/W2101496611","https://openalex.org/W2104706955","https://openalex.org/W2118269922","https://openalex.org/W2125736541","https://openalex.org/W2129497830","https://openalex.org/W2131771885","https://openalex.org/W2135370305","https://openalex.org/W2140988362","https://openalex.org/W2155021007","https://openalex.org/W2155406510","https://openalex.org/W2156202195","https://openalex.org/W2160246154","https://openalex.org/W2184058470","https://openalex.org/W2428981601","https://openalex.org/W4212971335","https://openalex.org/W4242626930","https://openalex.org/W4252417799","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4301885495","https://openalex.org/W6603004817","https://openalex.org/W6629012200","https://openalex.org/W6634442568","https://openalex.org/W6646825644","https://openalex.org/W6675480985","https://openalex.org/W6678744686","https://openalex.org/W6679386688","https://openalex.org/W6683388540","https://openalex.org/W7028850123","https://openalex.org/W7043153843","https://openalex.org/W7048202096"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2209542755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"describes":[2],"the":[3,18,27,42,57,85,93,102,108,117,124,135],"generation":[4,58],"of":[5,17,29,44,51,59,65,80,87,104,113,126,138],"a":[6,35,60,71,114,127,131],"model":[7,20,67,83,129],"capturing":[8],"information":[9,140],"on":[10],"how":[11,49,101],"placenames":[12,88,105],"co\u2010occur":[13],"together.":[14],"The":[15,63],"advantages":[16],"co\u2010occurrence":[19,61,128],"over":[21],"traditional":[22],"gazetteers":[23],"are":[24],"discussed":[25],"and":[26,110,122],"problem":[28,43],"placename":[30],"disambiguation":[31,86],"is":[32,68],"presented":[33],"as":[34,130],"case":[36],"study.":[37],"We":[38,47,97],"begin":[39],"by":[40,99],"outlining":[41],"ambiguous":[45],"placenames.":[46],"demonstrate":[48],"analysis":[50],"Wikipedia":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54],"used":[55],"in":[56,89,106],"model.":[62],"accuracy":[64],"our":[66],"compared":[69],"to":[70,84],"handcrafted":[72],"ground":[73],"truth;":[74],"then":[75],"we":[76],"evaluate":[77],"alternative":[78],"methods":[79],"applying":[81],"this":[82],"free":[90],"text":[91,109],"(using":[92],"GeoCLEF":[94],"evaluation":[95],"forum).":[96],"conclude":[98],"showing":[100],"inclusion":[103],"both":[107],"geographic":[111,139],"parts":[112],"query":[115],"provides":[116],"maximum":[118],"mean":[119],"average":[120],"precision":[121],"outline":[123],"benefits":[125],"data":[132],"source":[133],"for":[134],"wider":[136],"field":[137],"retrieval":[141],"(GIR).":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}