{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090531695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001629628","title":"The Scale Matcher: a procedure for assessing scale compatibility of spatial data and models","display_name":"The Scale Matcher: a procedure for assessing scale compatibility of spatial data and models","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090531695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001629628","mag":"2090531695"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810310001629628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001629628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022678082","display_name":"Linda Lilburne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8886-6754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86609021","display_name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02p9cyn66","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260297","https://openalex.org/I86609021"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. R. Lilburne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","Landcare Research , PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86609021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landcare Research , PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86609021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020743748","display_name":"T. H. Webb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86609021","display_name":"Manaaki Whenua \u2013 Landcare Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02p9cyn66","country_code":"NZ","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260297","https://openalex.org/I86609021"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. H. Webb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","Landcare Research , PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landcare Research, PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86609021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Landcare Research , PO Box 69, Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand E-mail: lilburnel@landcareresearch.co.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86609021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111373078","display_name":"George L Benwell","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. L. Benwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand","Department of Information Science , University of Otago , PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science , University of Otago , PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.25,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93059361,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"257","last_page":"279"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10770","display_name":"Soil Geostatistics and Mapping","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672010600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6681898236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.658478856086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.6403013467788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5155968070030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.49016866087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4662054777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compatibility","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","score":0.46086227893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-set","display_name":"Data set","score":0.4316890239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2228492796421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16005951166152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15155592560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14705362915992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13650041818618774}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672010600566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6681898236274719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.658478856086731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.6403013467788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5155968070030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.49016866087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4662054777145386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778648169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967768","display_name":"Compatibility (geochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.46086227893829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4316890239715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2228492796421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16005951166152954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15155592560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14705362915992737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13650041818618774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13658810310001629628","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13658810310001629628","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210181446","display_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Systems","issn_l":"0269-3798","issn":["0269-3798","1362-3087"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W147357455","https://openalex.org/W181107242","https://openalex.org/W201773271","https://openalex.org/W275296486","https://openalex.org/W638507781","https://openalex.org/W1480353203","https://openalex.org/W1506113761","https://openalex.org/W1525738788","https://openalex.org/W1946674077","https://openalex.org/W1971351853","https://openalex.org/W1974684620","https://openalex.org/W1982718607","https://openalex.org/W1991361393","https://openalex.org/W1994875144","https://openalex.org/W1997392073","https://openalex.org/W2003669746","https://openalex.org/W2014591821","https://openalex.org/W2022321857","https://openalex.org/W2026169687","https://openalex.org/W2032788463","https://openalex.org/W2047195451","https://openalex.org/W2052484834","https://openalex.org/W2060361326","https://openalex.org/W2106413435","https://openalex.org/W2128668836","https://openalex.org/W2131557955","https://openalex.org/W2146714472","https://openalex.org/W2223399431","https://openalex.org/W4214589711","https://openalex.org/W4247712701","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4313575728","https://openalex.org/W4313646228","https://openalex.org/W4313649200","https://openalex.org/W4383721775"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2487162673","https://openalex.org/W2942366970","https://openalex.org/W2793211469","https://openalex.org/W2949152769","https://openalex.org/W4372354731","https://openalex.org/W1692008701","https://openalex.org/W2597588799","https://openalex.org/W2010725720","https://openalex.org/W4310066305","https://openalex.org/W2137180285"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,41,120,135,140,194,243],"becoming":[2],"easier":[3],"to":[4,10,142,179,197,223,226,267],"combine":[5],"environmental":[6,16],"data":[7,75,174,185,261,282],"and":[8,20,33,61,76,105,116,118,176,186,189,287,315],"models":[9],"provide":[11],"information":[12,40],"for":[13,59,262,292],"problem-solving":[14],"by":[15,182],"policy":[17],"analysts,":[18],"decision-makers,":[19],"land":[21],"managers.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,38,49,56,63,70,83,99,144,160,166,171,198,202,207,212,233,240,252,288,294,305,317,322,326],"scale":[25,64,71,87,100,111,155,199,220,253,285,306,323],"dependencies":[26],"of":[27,29,51,66,73,86,102,113,129,149,165,173,201,219,232,235,239,255,258,265,279,296,311,325],"each":[28,119,154],"these":[30,133],"(data,":[31],"model,":[32,104],"problem)":[34],"can":[35,94],"mean":[36],"that":[37,93,276],"resulting":[39],"misleading":[42],"or":[43,152],"even":[44],"invalid.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"describes":[48],"development":[50],"a":[52,67,126,138,147,192,217,247,309],"systematic":[53],"framework":[54,81,302],"(dubbed":[55],"\u2018Scale":[57],"Matcher\u2019)":[58],"identifying":[60,263],"matching":[62,153],"requirements":[65],"problem":[68,106,295],"with":[69,122,246],"limitations":[72,234],"spatial":[74,236],"models.":[77],"The":[78,272,300],"Scale":[79,241,273],"Matcher":[80,242,274],"partitions":[82],"complex":[84],"array":[85],"issues":[88],"into":[89,109,308],"more":[90,230,312,319],"manageable":[91,313],"components":[92,112,134],"be":[95,180],"individually":[96],"quantified.":[97],"First,":[98],"characteristics":[101],"data,":[103],"are":[107,162],"separated":[108],"their":[110],"extent,":[114],"accuracy,":[115],"precision,":[117],"associated":[121],"suitable":[123],"metrics.":[124,168],"Second,":[125],"comprehensive":[127],"set":[128,218],"pairwise":[130],"matches":[131,161],"between":[132],"defined.":[136],"Third,":[137],"procedure":[139,209],"devised":[141],"lead":[143],"user":[145,318],"through":[146],"process":[148],"systematically":[150],"comparing":[151],"component.":[156],"In":[157],"some":[158],"cases,":[159],"simple":[163],"comparisons":[164,314],"relevant":[167],"Others":[169],"require":[170],"combination":[172],"variability":[175],"model":[177,187,327],"sensitivity":[178],"investigated":[181],"randomly":[183],"simulating":[184],"imprecision":[188],"inaccuracy.":[190],"Finally,":[191],"conclusion":[193],"drawn":[195],"as":[196,216],"compatibility":[200],"Data\u2013Model\u2013Problem":[203],"trio":[204],"based":[205],"on":[206],"overall":[208],"result.":[210],"Listing":[211],"individual":[213],"match":[214],"results":[215],"assumptions":[221],"helps":[222],"draw":[224],"attention":[225],"them,":[227],"making":[228],"users":[229],"aware":[231],"modelling.":[237],"Application":[238],"briefly":[244],"illustrated":[245],"case":[248],"study,":[249],"in":[250,321],"which":[251],"suitability":[254],"two":[256],"sources":[257],"soil":[259,280],"map":[260,281],"areas":[264],"vulnerability":[266],"groundwater":[268],"pollution":[269],"was":[270,290],"tested.":[271],"showed":[275],"one":[277],"source":[278],"had":[283],"unacceptable":[284],"characteristics,":[286],"other":[289],"marginal":[291],"addressing":[293],"nitrate":[297],"leaching":[298],"vulnerability.":[299],"scale-matching":[301],"successfully":[303],"partitioned":[304],"issue":[307],"series":[310],"gave":[316],"confidence":[320],"validity":[324],"output.":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}