{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133796423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","title":"Knowledge models from PDF textbooks","display_name":"Knowledge models from PDF textbooks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133796423","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","mag":"3133796423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5817663","display_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","issn_l":"1361-4568","issn":["1361-4568","1740-7842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027196207","display_name":"Isaac Alpizar-Chac\u00f3n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Isaac Alpizar-Chacon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024385593","display_name":"Sergey Sosnovsky","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8023-1770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","display_name":"Utrecht University","ror":"https://ror.org/04pp8hn57","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergey Sosnovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027196207"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89074825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"1-2","first_page":"128","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8323652744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disk-formatting","display_name":"Disk formatting","score":0.7229147553443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.7032132148742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6782078742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-knowledge","display_name":"Domain knowledge","score":0.517734944820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5111435055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.448543518781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-model","display_name":"Domain model","score":0.43383294343948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28812175989151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8323652744293213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88006597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690117","display_name":"Disk formatting","level":2,"score":0.7229147553443909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.7032132148742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6782078742980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.517734944820404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5111435055732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.448543518781662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92548554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2262868","display_name":"Domain model","level":3,"score":0.43383294343948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28812175989151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5817663","display_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","issn_l":"1361-4568","issn":["1361-4568","1740-7842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/417421","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/417421","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401649","display_name":"Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193662353","host_organization_name":"Utrecht University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193662353"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:uu:oai:dspace.library.uu.nl:1874/418745","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/418745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 27(1-2), 128. Taylor and Francis Ltd.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13614568.2021.1889692?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5817663","display_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","issn_l":"1361-4568","issn":["1361-4568","1740-7842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133796423.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3133796423.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":103,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2710505","https://openalex.org/W83149387","https://openalex.org/W139731185","https://openalex.org/W142212369","https://openalex.org/W156932399","https://openalex.org/W177984263","https://openalex.org/W574351071","https://openalex.org/W594156158","https://openalex.org/W594721715","https://openalex.org/W791527587","https://openalex.org/W1495690663","https://openalex.org/W1509699184","https://openalex.org/W1511676561","https://openalex.org/W1527794404","https://openalex.org/W1532325895","https://openalex.org/W1557976950","https://openalex.org/W1559499673","https://openalex.org/W1562326216","https://openalex.org/W1576336113","https://openalex.org/W1784290353","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1966415964","https://openalex.org/W1978081087","https://openalex.org/W1978394996","https://openalex.org/W1981453410","https://openalex.org/W1984130280","https://openalex.org/W1992587390","https://openalex.org/W1993594224","https://openalex.org/W1994921100","https://openalex.org/W1998037981","https://openalex.org/W2009752265","https://openalex.org/W2010518674","https://openalex.org/W2012556862","https://openalex.org/W2013391942","https://openalex.org/W2024215742","https://openalex.org/W2031837460","https://openalex.org/W2047334181","https://openalex.org/W2048110207","https://openalex.org/W2054908521","https://openalex.org/W2062843843","https://openalex.org/W2063630165","https://openalex.org/W2069870183","https://openalex.org/W2080133951","https://openalex.org/W2100341149","https://openalex.org/W2103592125","https://openalex.org/W2104583100","https://openalex.org/W2110044891","https://openalex.org/W2120699290","https://openalex.org/W2121316417","https://openalex.org/W2127217276","https://openalex.org/W2127289991","https://openalex.org/W2131257962","https://openalex.org/W2136783895","https://openalex.org/W2137998699","https://openalex.org/W2147698110","https://openalex.org/W2150901283","https://openalex.org/W2153225416","https://openalex.org/W2155395197","https://openalex.org/W2162362997","https://openalex.org/W2162638401","https://openalex.org/W2165612380","https://openalex.org/W2166633748","https://openalex.org/W2171450492","https://openalex.org/W2201050356","https://openalex.org/W2250837776","https://openalex.org/W2274337312","https://openalex.org/W2295305384","https://openalex.org/W2295508865","https://openalex.org/W2299741327","https://openalex.org/W2303285637","https://openalex.org/W2331870320","https://openalex.org/W2407642977","https://openalex.org/W2476917595","https://openalex.org/W2479758170","https://openalex.org/W2496658661","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2577770286","https://openalex.org/W2740245131","https://openalex.org/W2775954250","https://openalex.org/W2786830842","https://openalex.org/W2794379457","https://openalex.org/W2799796486","https://openalex.org/W2804648363","https://openalex.org/W2806048981","https://openalex.org/W2912189486","https://openalex.org/W2953887657","https://openalex.org/W3090604887","https://openalex.org/W3109569197","https://openalex.org/W3146501913","https://openalex.org/W3174655110","https://openalex.org/W3200162246","https://openalex.org/W4210922477","https://openalex.org/W4234521054","https://openalex.org/W4238015202","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292199333","https://openalex.org/W4300201699","https://openalex.org/W4301850185","https://openalex.org/W4364348485","https://openalex.org/W6607321472","https://openalex.org/W6636773006","https://openalex.org/W7025007517","https://openalex.org/W7072179613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232844628","https://openalex.org/W2374471852","https://openalex.org/W171356793","https://openalex.org/W1583422155","https://openalex.org/W1587887330","https://openalex.org/W2166877816","https://openalex.org/W2479071323","https://openalex.org/W1760744708","https://openalex.org/W2917572814","https://openalex.org/W2349037640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Textbooks":[0],"are":[1,102],"educational":[2],"documents":[3,98],"created,":[4],"structured":[5],"and":[6,34,50,80,90,116,156,179,184,186],"formatted":[7],"by":[8,63],"domain":[9,21,31,59],"experts":[10],"with":[11,85,104],"the":[12,17,20,30,36,48,56,108,119,122,127,144,147,157,165,188,192,196],"primary":[13],"purpose":[14],"to":[15,22,41,152],"explain":[16],"knowledge":[18,60,76,154],"in":[19,107,143],"a":[23,39,46],"novice.":[24],"Authors":[25],"use":[26],"their":[27,64,83,136],"understanding":[28],"of":[29,38,53,58,75,82,118,124,130,135,141,149,159,161,173,191],"when":[32],"structuring":[33],"formatting":[35,49],"content":[37,84],"textbook":[40],"facilitate":[42],"this":[43],"explanation.":[44],"As":[45],"result,":[47],"structural":[51,180],"elements":[52,57],"textbooks":[54,79,93,142,163,183],"carry":[55],"implicitly":[61],"encoded":[62],"authors.":[65],"Our":[66],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"an":[69],"extensible":[70],"approach":[71],"towards":[72],"automated":[73],"extraction":[74,175],"models":[77,132,151,194],"from":[78,164],"enrichment":[81],"additional":[86],"links":[87],"(both":[88],"internal":[89],"external).":[91],"The":[92,110,168],"themselves":[94],"essentially":[95],"become":[96],"hypertext":[97],"where":[99],"individual":[100],"pages":[101],"annotated":[103],"important":[105],"concepts":[106],"domain.":[109,167],"evaluation":[111],"experiments":[112],"examine":[113],"several":[114],"aspects":[115],"stages":[117],"approach,":[120],"including":[121],"accuracy":[123,148,172],"model":[125,174],"extraction,":[126],"pragmatic":[128],"quality":[129],"extracted":[131,193],"using":[133],"one":[134],"possible":[137],"applications\u2014":[138],"semantic":[139,197],"linking":[140,150],"same":[145,166],"domain,":[146],"external":[153],"sources":[155],"effect":[158],"integration":[160],"multiple":[162],"results":[169],"indicate":[170],"high":[171],"on":[176,195],"symbolic,":[177],"syntactic":[178],"levels":[181],"across":[182],"domains,":[185],"demonstrate":[187],"added":[189],"value":[190],"level.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
