{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2016532945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10919399509540246","title":"Inference channel detection in multilevel relational databases: A graph\u2010based approach","display_name":"Inference channel detection in multilevel relational databases: A graph\u2010based approach","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2016532945","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10919399509540246","mag":"2016532945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10919399509540246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10919399509540246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128779766","display_name":"Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce","issn_l":"1054-1721","issn":["1054-1721","1091-9392","1532-7744"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Organizational Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080706859","display_name":"George T. Duncan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4931-5316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George T. Duncan","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n Carnegie Mellon University;\n Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213","Carnegie Mellon University","Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n Carnegie Mellon University;\n Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Heinz School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108430401","display_name":"Ramayyaon M. Krishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramayyaon M. Krishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067379693","display_name":"Sumitra Mukherjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1367-8200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumitra M. Mukherjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n Carnegie Mellon University","Carnegie Mellon University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12283556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"2","first_page":"123","last_page":"138"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.8395968675613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6980408430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schema","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","score":0.5780416131019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.5364511609077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.523506224155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backward-chaining","display_name":"Backward chaining","score":0.45776939392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.4321090281009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.41236746311187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36128005385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3586864471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3348846435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference-engine","display_name":"Inference engine","score":0.2993583679199219}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.8395968675613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6980408430099487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.5780416131019592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.5364511609077454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.523506224155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129916263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1141183","display_name":"Backward chaining","level":4,"score":0.45776939392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4321090281009674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.41236746311187744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36128005385398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3586864471435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3348846435546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46743427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1341685","display_name":"Inference engine","level":3,"score":0.2993583679199219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10919399509540246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10919399509540246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S128779766","display_name":"Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce","issn_l":"1054-1721","issn":["1054-1721","1091-9392","1532-7744"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Organizational Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483873709","https://openalex.org/W1585875254","https://openalex.org/W1680037998","https://openalex.org/W2008074667","https://openalex.org/W2032511848","https://openalex.org/W2053913299","https://openalex.org/W2066844014","https://openalex.org/W2069323107","https://openalex.org/W2096200896","https://openalex.org/W2102048877","https://openalex.org/W2106424312","https://openalex.org/W2116149871","https://openalex.org/W2134070140","https://openalex.org/W2163601424","https://openalex.org/W2172128547","https://openalex.org/W6628870985","https://openalex.org/W6680015638","https://openalex.org/W6684997571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364163488","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W2105600282","https://openalex.org/W2545560245","https://openalex.org/W4327928013","https://openalex.org/W2512452489","https://openalex.org/W2375699995","https://openalex.org/W3203330043","https://openalex.org/W2119264717","https://openalex.org/W1607106445"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"a":[2,16,30,57],"multilevel":[3],"relational":[4,228],"(MLR)":[5],"database,":[6],"users":[7],"are":[8,77],"not":[9],"allowed":[10],"to":[11,33,41,68,100,116,121,144],"access":[12,85],"data":[13],"classified":[14],"at":[15],"level":[17],"higher":[18],"than":[19],"their":[20],"own":[21],"security":[22],"classification.":[23],"However,":[24],"it":[25],"may":[26,142],"be":[27],"possible":[28],"for":[29,60,202],"low\u2010level":[31],"user":[32],"infer":[34],"high\u2010level":[35],"data.":[36],"This":[37,95],"article":[38],"provides":[39,56],"methods":[40],"detect":[42],"and":[43,106,165],"eliminate":[44],"such":[45],"inference":[46,61,108,112,128,146,155,173,204,221],"channels.":[47,109],"A":[48],"graph\u2010based":[49],"representation":[50],"of":[51,70,104,150,153,167,184,192,217,220],"the":[52,66,73,102,122,127,148,151,163,172,182,215,218],"database":[53,123,226],"schema":[54],"developed":[55,198],"convenient":[58],"method":[59],"channel":[62,113,156,205],"detection":[63,157],"by":[64,177],"reducing":[65],"problem":[67,152],"one":[69],"connectivity":[71],"in":[72,126,137,171,195],"network.":[74],"Inference":[75],"channels":[76,222],"eliminated":[78],"while":[79],"imposing":[80],"minimum":[81,91],"restrictions":[82],"on":[83,90,190,214],"legitimate":[84],"using":[86],"an":[87,187],"algorithm":[88,188],"based":[89,189],"cut":[92],"set":[93],"identification.":[94],"approach":[96],"is":[97,114,124,158,175,197,200,210,223],"then":[98],"extended":[99],"address":[101],"problems":[103],"abductive":[105,111,145,154],"probabilistic":[107,203],"An":[110],"said":[115],"exist":[117],"when":[118],"information":[119,169],"external":[120,168],"used":[125,170],"process.":[129],"By":[130],"demonstrating":[131],"that":[132,199],"only":[133],"arcs":[134],"between":[135],"nodes":[136],"different":[138],"strongly":[139],"connected":[140],"components":[141],"lead":[143],"channels,":[147],"complexity":[149],"reduced.":[159],"The":[160],"uncertainty":[161],"about":[162],"nature":[164],"extent":[166],"process":[174],"captured":[176],"assigning":[178],"subjective":[179],"probabilities.":[180],"Under":[181],"assumption":[183,209],"statistical":[185],"independence,":[186],"identification":[191],"paths":[193],"bounded":[194],"length":[196],"adequate":[201],"detection.":[206],"When":[207],"this":[208],"relaxed,":[211],"upper":[212],"bounds":[213],"probability":[216],"existence":[219],"provided.":[224],"Keywords:":[225],"securitymultilevel":[227],"databasesnetwork":[229],"optimization":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-21T07:57:09.225873","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}