{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2027562230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824009809480502","title":"Estimating Flow Distribution over Digital Elevation Models Using a Form-Based Algorithm","display_name":"Estimating Flow Distribution over Digital Elevation Models Using a Form-Based Algorithm","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2027562230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824009809480502","mag":"2027562230"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10824009809480502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824009809480502","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10824009809480502?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1082-4006","issn":["1082-4006","1947-5683","1947-5691","2374-9318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10824009809480502?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070569005","display_name":"Petter Pilesj\u00f6","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7963-4548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Petter Pilesj\u00f6","raw_affiliation_strings":["Remote Sensing & GIS Laboratory, Department of Physical Geography, University of Lund, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden","Remote Sensing & GIS Laboratory, Department of Physical Geography , University of Lund , P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 , Lund , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing & GIS Laboratory, Department of Physical Geography, University of Lund, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Remote Sensing & GIS Laboratory, Department of Physical Geography , University of Lund , P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 , Lund , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085099069","display_name":"Qiming Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0934-0602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802459557","display_name":"Kowloon Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01b1r6152","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294586568","https://openalex.org/I2802459557"]}],"countries":["CN","HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiming Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Hong Kong Babtist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Geography , Hong Kong Babtist University , Kowloon Tong , Kowloon , Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Hong Kong Babtist University, Kowloon Tong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987","https://openalex.org/I168719708","https://openalex.org/I2802459557"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography , Hong Kong Babtist University , Kowloon Tong , Kowloon , Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043913530","display_name":"Lars Harrie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3252-1495"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Harrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Surveying, University of Lund, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden","Department of Surveying , University of Lund , P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 , Lund , Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying, University of Lund, P.O. Box 118, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Surveying , University of Lund , P.O. Box 118, S-221 00 , Lund , Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.959,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85323111,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1-2","first_page":"44","last_page":"51"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10330","display_name":"Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11186","display_name":"Hydrology and Drought Analysis","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-elevation-model","display_name":"Digital elevation model","score":0.7635722756385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","score":0.7279248237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.7189201712608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flow","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","score":0.6716146469116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface","display_name":"Surface (topology)","score":0.6365344524383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facet","display_name":"Facet (psychology)","score":0.6132132411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5678623914718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4739408791065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage-network","display_name":"Drainage network","score":0.4700309932231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45144814252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distribution","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","score":0.4411662817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulated-irregular-network","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","score":0.42798614501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drainage","display_name":"Drainage","score":0.4003925919532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.36869001388549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.32133811712265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.318148672580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.21805459260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.17636245489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.09081250429153442}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.7635722756385803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37054046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641888","display_name":"Elevation (ballistics)","level":2,"score":0.7279248237609863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.7189201712608337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38349280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434290","display_name":"Flow (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6716146469116211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.6365344524383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43122875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428522","display_name":"Facet (psychology)","level":4,"score":0.6132132411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5678623914718628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4739408791065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984342911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5305558","display_name":"Drainage network","level":3,"score":0.4700309932231903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45144814252853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4411662817001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131509275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2296387","display_name":"Triangulated irregular network","level":3,"score":0.42798614501953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67592535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7481320","display_name":"Drainage","level":2,"score":0.4003925919532776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.36869001388549805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.32133811712265015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.318148672580719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.21805459260940552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.17636245489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.09081250429153442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2865642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378132","display_name":"Big Five personality traits","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187288502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641118","display_name":"Personality","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10824009809480502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824009809480502","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10824009809480502?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1082-4006","issn":["1082-4006","1947-5683","1947-5691","2374-9318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.534.9038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.534.9038","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.nateko.lu.se/Personal/Lars.Harrie/jgis98.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:dd3c4530-17d9-43d0-8e13-b97ff79b1749","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/708012","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1082-4006","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10824009809480502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10824009809480502","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10824009809480502?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210199948","display_name":"Annals of GIS","issn_l":"1082-4006","issn":["1082-4006","1947-5683","1947-5691","2374-9318"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of GIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.5,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027562230.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2027562230.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103943146","https://openalex.org/W166474931","https://openalex.org/W651260470","https://openalex.org/W2008746426","https://openalex.org/W2087884757","https://openalex.org/W2093856458","https://openalex.org/W2111552444","https://openalex.org/W2118930130","https://openalex.org/W2143296882","https://openalex.org/W2165654941","https://openalex.org/W2170801163","https://openalex.org/W4233948460"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2740860002","https://openalex.org/W2910335593","https://openalex.org/W2087884757","https://openalex.org/W2366058519","https://openalex.org/W2183798232","https://openalex.org/W2313908765","https://openalex.org/W2031619456","https://openalex.org/W2178700827","https://openalex.org/W3041453465","https://openalex.org/W1981983295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,14],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"a":[3,11,25,37,47,80,87,129,148],"new":[4],"approach":[5,15],"to":[6,75,97],"estimate":[7],"flow":[8,31,65,72,94,135],"distribution":[9],"over":[10,137],"continuous":[12],"surface.":[13],"is":[16,61,66,73,95,115],"based":[17],"on":[18],"the":[19,30,34,43,56,59,63,69,84,92,98,104,110,125,138],"analysis":[20],"of":[21,24,36,46,58,71,86,106],"topographic":[22],"form":[23,57],"surface":[26],"facet":[27,44,60],"that":[28,78,124],"dictates":[29],"distribution.":[32],"In":[33,83],"case":[35,85],"raster":[38],"Digital":[39],"Elevation":[40],"Model":[41],"(DEM),":[42],"consists":[45],"centre":[48],"cell":[49],"and":[50],"its":[51],"eight":[52],"neighbouring":[53],"cells.":[54],"If":[55],"convex,":[62],"water":[64],"divergent;":[67],"thus":[68],"amount":[70],"distributed":[74],"all":[76],"cells":[77],"have":[79],"lower":[81],"elevation.":[82],"concave":[88],"or":[89],"flat":[90],"surface,":[91,140],"convergent":[93],"directed":[96],"main":[99],"drainage":[100,149],"direction.":[101],"Comparison":[102],"between":[103],"results":[105,132,145],"this":[107],"algorithm":[108,127],"with":[109],"traditional":[111],"\u2018eight-move\u2019":[112],"algorithm,":[113],"which":[114],"widely":[116],"used":[117],"in":[118,133,146],"today's":[119],"commercial":[120],"GIS":[121],"software,":[122],"indicated":[123],"form-based":[126],"yielded":[128],"more":[130],"realistic":[131],"estimating":[134],"accumulation":[136],"land":[139],"but":[141],"produced":[142],"less":[143],"convincing":[144],"deriving":[147],"network.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
