{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2105308124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780903448052","title":"Solving multi-leader\u2013common-follower games","display_name":"Solving multi-leader\u2013common-follower games","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2105308124","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780903448052","mag":"2105308124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10556780903448052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780903448052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103047102","display_name":"Optimization methods & software","issn_l":"1026-7670","issn":["1026-7670","1029-4937","1055-6788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optimization Methods and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084814006","display_name":"Sven Leyffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-5876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sven Leyffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory","Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086190700","display_name":"Todd Munson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-3648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Todd Munson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Argonne National Laboratory","Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Argonne National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086190700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8883,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":199,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9877738,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"4","first_page":"601","last_page":"623"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12137","display_name":"Economic theories and models","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10991","display_name":"Game Theory and Voting Systems","score":0.9743000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.8245842456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-complementarity-problem","display_name":"Nonlinear complementarity problem","score":0.7146116495132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.714065432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5353257060050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.53025883436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.49386364221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4867308437824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.39795076847076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-complementarity-problem","display_name":"Mixed complementarity problem","score":0.3849751353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.37955421209335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.3474486768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3205813765525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2520104646682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13667115569114685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.8245842456817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778646529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16948724","display_name":"Nonlinear complementarity problem","level":4,"score":0.7146116495132446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.714065432548523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5353257060050964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.53025883436203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.49386364221572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4867308437824249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.41288381814956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.39795076847076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77196050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6883962","display_name":"Mixed complementarity problem","level":3,"score":0.3849751353263855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.37955421209335327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3474486768245697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3205813765525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2520104646682739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13667115569114685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10556780903448052","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10556780903448052","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S103047102","display_name":"Optimization methods & software","issn_l":"1026-7670","issn":["1026-7670","1029-4937","1055-6788"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Optimization Methods and Software","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.119.2499","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.119.2499","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mcs.anl.gov/~leyffer/papers/EPEC-02.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49930306","https://openalex.org/W145191360","https://openalex.org/W217831350","https://openalex.org/W1512520166","https://openalex.org/W1517656880","https://openalex.org/W1604627832","https://openalex.org/W1969368779","https://openalex.org/W1971720918","https://openalex.org/W1981089049","https://openalex.org/W1988435421","https://openalex.org/W2001024683","https://openalex.org/W2013683432","https://openalex.org/W2019727142","https://openalex.org/W2034039293","https://openalex.org/W2037678919","https://openalex.org/W2039659576","https://openalex.org/W2042838878","https://openalex.org/W2055192098","https://openalex.org/W2058708460","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2076736386","https://openalex.org/W2078552451","https://openalex.org/W2112838397","https://openalex.org/W2114723119","https://openalex.org/W2128234186","https://openalex.org/W2135032191","https://openalex.org/W2166063259","https://openalex.org/W2171126500","https://openalex.org/W2330024298","https://openalex.org/W4231147659","https://openalex.org/W4234761190","https://openalex.org/W4236123449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085004531","https://openalex.org/W4294529879","https://openalex.org/W2384374169","https://openalex.org/W2376754743","https://openalex.org/W2351774575","https://openalex.org/W1553741403","https://openalex.org/W2128234186","https://openalex.org/W564691918","https://openalex.org/W157775922","https://openalex.org/W2011175430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-leader\u2013common-follower":[0],"games":[1],"arise":[2],"when":[3],"modelling":[4],"two":[5,75],"or":[6],"more":[7],"competitive":[8,22],"firms,":[9,23],"the":[10,24,29,33,54,80,91],"leaders,":[11],"that":[12,26],"commit":[13],"to":[14,18,28,42],"their":[15],"decisions":[16,30],"prior":[17],"another":[19],"group":[20],"of":[21,53,64,71,94,101],"followers,":[25],"react":[27],"made":[31],"by":[32,97],"leaders.":[34],"These":[35],"problems":[36,44,59,78,85],"lead":[37],"in":[38],"a":[39,51,62,99],"natural":[40],"way":[41],"equilibrium":[43,46],"with":[45,86],"constraints":[47],"(EPECs).":[48],"We":[49,73,89],"develop":[50],"characterization":[52],"solution":[55],"sets":[56],"for":[57],"these":[58],"and":[60,67,84],"examine":[61],"variety":[63],"nonlinear":[65,68],"optimization":[66],"complementarity":[69],"formulations":[70],"EPECs.":[72],"distinguish":[74],"broad":[76],"cases:":[77],"where":[79],"leaders":[81],"can":[82],"cost-differentiate":[83],"price-consistent":[87],"followers.":[88],"demonstrate":[90],"practical":[92],"viability":[93],"our":[95],"approach":[96],"solving":[98],"range":[100],"medium-sized":[102],"test":[103],"problems.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-03-07T13:37:22.277990","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}