{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414104210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893","title":"Simulating realistic surgeon decisions and actions in immersive medical distance education with XR and AI","display_name":"Simulating realistic surgeon decisions and actions in immersive medical distance education with XR and AI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414104210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Simulating_realistic_surgeon_decisions_and_actions_in_immersive_medical_distance_education_with_XR_and_AI/30685481","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036161190","display_name":"Yves Shabo Nkulu-Ily","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799903532","display_name":"BSCS Science Learning","ror":"https://ror.org/05tdbce05","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799903532"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yves Shabo Nkulu-Ily","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4401-3965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903532"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031550861","display_name":"Eric A. Gantwerker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-9188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106353","display_name":"Donald & Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell","ror":"https://ror.org/01ff5td15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302444339","https://openalex.org/I139290212","https://openalex.org/I4210106353"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric A. Gantwerker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1309-9188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077978007","display_name":"Neil Vaughan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-6560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23923803","display_name":"University of Exeter","ror":"https://ror.org/03yghzc09","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Vaughan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (CBS), University of Exeter"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-6560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (CBS), University of Exeter","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23923803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100768220","display_name":"Qiang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-2838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang (Shawn) Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3596-2838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111596324","display_name":"Jagtar Dhanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-3066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210160447","display_name":"Universidad de Londres","ror":"https://ror.org/054v4yq51","country_code":"MX","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210160447"]}],"countries":["MX"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagtar Dhanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Victoria Hospital","University of London"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8753-3066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Victoria Hospital","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210160447"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036161190"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799903532"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1235,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79945655,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"2223","last_page":"2268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.5914000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-instruction","display_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-video","display_name":"Interactive video","score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.2944999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.5914000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5898000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.5248000025749207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.5157999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.32919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909807104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Computer-Assisted Instruction","level":2,"score":0.3158000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776566319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3495514","display_name":"Interactive video","level":2,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019723476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Electronic learning","level":3,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88610354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1813494","display_name":"Teaching method","level":2,"score":0.2799000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109778625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q796573","display_name":"Computer-mediated communication","level":3,"score":0.27799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.25850000977516174}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2025.2542893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30685481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Simulating_realistic_surgeon_decisions_and_actions_in_immersive_medical_distance_education_with_XR_and_AI/30685481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30685481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Simulating_realistic_surgeon_decisions_and_actions_in_immersive_medical_distance_education_with_XR_and_AI/30685481","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":121,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133258065","https://openalex.org/W1644473242","https://openalex.org/W1746951143","https://openalex.org/W1853162924","https://openalex.org/W1896667629","https://openalex.org/W1928865892","https://openalex.org/W1971845200","https://openalex.org/W1974397481","https://openalex.org/W1999622435","https://openalex.org/W2005566784","https://openalex.org/W2026480899","https://openalex.org/W2039614774","https://openalex.org/W2044754442","https://openalex.org/W2055569243","https://openalex.org/W2077366304","https://openalex.org/W2084775321","https://openalex.org/W2085487772","https://openalex.org/W2112917626","https://openalex.org/W2114403142","https://openalex.org/W2118411022","https://openalex.org/W2122381799","https://openalex.org/W2129178738","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2136518234","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2181626775","https://openalex.org/W2236197513","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2339474111","https://openalex.org/W2473658866","https://openalex.org/W2483309620","https://openalex.org/W2534394901","https://openalex.org/W2538807820","https://openalex.org/W2782655551","https://openalex.org/W2792133971","https://openalex.org/W2796318591","https://openalex.org/W2802624368","https://openalex.org/W2883206745","https://openalex.org/W2891930862","https://openalex.org/W2896516074","https://openalex.org/W2898865364","https://openalex.org/W2899724171","https://openalex.org/W2899856450","https://openalex.org/W2905589099","https://openalex.org/W2910705748","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2941663316","https://openalex.org/W2951896303","https://openalex.org/W2960653470","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2969208043","https://openalex.org/W2969838880","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2991811883","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W2995398171","https://openalex.org/W3001077607","https://openalex.org/W3007803772","https://openalex.org/W3013718853","https://openalex.org/W3020378901","https://openalex.org/W3028100120","https://openalex.org/W3032280640","https://openalex.org/W3035159788","https://openalex.org/W3041076599","https://openalex.org/W3045439454","https://openalex.org/W3088317603","https://openalex.org/W3089904772","https://openalex.org/W3094028095","https://openalex.org/W3095683761","https://openalex.org/W3095687847","https://openalex.org/W3105105514","https://openalex.org/W3124539583","https://openalex.org/W3131016047","https://openalex.org/W3136498746","https://openalex.org/W3138984732","https://openalex.org/W3143179786","https://openalex.org/W3148917931","https://openalex.org/W3185475505","https://openalex.org/W3187117240","https://openalex.org/W3193547352","https://openalex.org/W3198960169","https://openalex.org/W3203510027","https://openalex.org/W3213865314","https://openalex.org/W3214842289","https://openalex.org/W4205788495","https://openalex.org/W4205796465","https://openalex.org/W4206291902","https://openalex.org/W4206394787","https://openalex.org/W4212922284","https://openalex.org/W4220790674","https://openalex.org/W4226292383","https://openalex.org/W4229055995","https://openalex.org/W4229715839","https://openalex.org/W4243615872","https://openalex.org/W4251934665","https://openalex.org/W4281740927","https://openalex.org/W4282930877","https://openalex.org/W4294024482","https://openalex.org/W4297253811","https://openalex.org/W4300941668","https://openalex.org/W4308642204","https://openalex.org/W4311374423","https://openalex.org/W4313387916","https://openalex.org/W4322500010","https://openalex.org/W4327860459","https://openalex.org/W4362606895","https://openalex.org/W4377200467","https://openalex.org/W4381611043","https://openalex.org/W4386022142","https://openalex.org/W4386832484","https://openalex.org/W4387611356","https://openalex.org/W4388520113","https://openalex.org/W4399698937","https://openalex.org/W4400536735","https://openalex.org/W4402951979","https://openalex.org/W4403459943","https://openalex.org/W4403500970","https://openalex.org/W4404891440","https://openalex.org/W4405357316","https://openalex.org/W4408414392","https://openalex.org/W4413778572"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2353933111","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2593304799","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,160],"research":[1,138],"aims":[2,162],"to":[3,43,68,122,140,163,184],"improve":[4,49,123],"distance":[5],"education":[6,167],"in":[7,28,94,112,134,157,197],"orthopedic":[8,83,166],"surgery":[9,117],"by":[10],"leveraging":[11],"extended":[12],"reality":[13],"(XR)":[14],"and":[15,25,36,40,72,92,126,130,155,194],"artificial":[16],"intelligence":[17],"(AI).":[18],"It":[19],"focuses":[20],"on":[21,53],"skill":[22],"acquisition,":[23],"feedback,":[24],"behavioral":[26],"training":[27,111,172],"clinical":[29],"settings.":[30],"The":[31,85,104,137],"study":[32,105,182],"involved":[33],"57":[34],"experts":[35,67],"included":[37],"surveys,":[38],"interviews,":[39],"literature":[41],"reviews":[42],"explore":[44,127],"how":[45,128,165],"these":[46],"technologies":[47],"can":[48,132],"medical":[50],"education,":[51,96],"focusing":[52],"the":[54,70,88,98,171,181,198],"Challenge":[55],"Point":[56],"Framework":[57],"(CPF).":[58],"A":[59],"cognitive":[60],"task":[61],"analysis":[62],"was":[63],"performed":[64],"with":[65,78],"six":[66],"refine":[69],"XR":[71,91,101,143,154],"AI":[73,93,131,156],"system,":[74],"ensuring":[75],"it":[76],"aligns":[77],"competency-based":[79],"educational":[80,102,147],"standards":[81],"for":[82,110,145,152,174],"surgery.":[84],"findings":[86],"highlight":[87],"importance":[89],"of":[90,100],"higher":[95],"promoting":[97],"democratization":[99],"tools.":[103],"also":[106],"examines":[107],"CPF":[108],"algorithms":[109],"total":[113],"knee":[114],"replacement":[115],"(TKR)":[116],"within":[118],"virtual":[119],"environments,":[120],"aiming":[121],"mathematical":[124],"modeling":[125],"humans":[129],"collaborate":[133],"surgical":[135,175],"practices.":[136],"seeks":[139],"develop":[141],"customized":[142],"applications":[144],"different":[146],"areas,":[148],"providing":[149],"a":[150],"framework":[151],"using":[153],"TKR":[158],"training.":[159],"initiative":[161],"change":[164],"is":[168],"delivered,":[169],"enhancing":[170],"experience":[173,189],"professionals.":[176],"By":[177],"applying":[178],"activity":[179],"theory,":[180],"plans":[183],"create":[185],"an":[186],"engaging":[187],"learning":[188],"that":[190],"enhances":[191],"both":[192],"knowledge":[193],"practical":[195],"skills":[196],"field.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-27T08:26:11.824852","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}