{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402574700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086","title":"How academic hardiness mediates the relationship between students\u2019 digital informal learning and their academic performance?","display_name":"How academic hardiness mediates the relationship between students\u2019 digital informal learning and their academic performance?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402574700","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107288542","display_name":"Zahra Rafatjoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8470-3024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Rafatjoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shiraz University","Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8470-3024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiraz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025263413","display_name":"Elham Heidari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-9674"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elham Heidari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shiraz University","Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5216-9674","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiraz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080346009","display_name":"Ghasem Salimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-3455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghasem Salimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shiraz University","Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-3455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiraz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067198695","display_name":"Fahimeh Keshavarzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-8419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166459259","display_name":"Shiraz University","ror":"https://ror.org/028qtbk54","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahimeh Keshavarzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shiraz University","Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9960-8419","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shiraz University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Educational Administration and Planning, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025263413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166459259"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9612,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76086753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"3","first_page":"2188","last_page":"2200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11761","display_name":"Resilience and Mental Health","score":0.9804999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13585","display_name":"Technostress in Professional Settings","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"Academic achievement","score":0.555484414100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.5509275794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.48434484004974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardiness","display_name":"Hardiness (plants)","score":0.4625484347343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.4053517282009125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38228896260261536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.555484414100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.5509275794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48434484004974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780390811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1852702","display_name":"Hardiness (plants)","level":3,"score":0.4625484347343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4053517282009125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38228896260261536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197321923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4886","display_name":"Cultivar","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2400086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518308348","https://openalex.org/W1560371066","https://openalex.org/W1977152612","https://openalex.org/W1989532282","https://openalex.org/W2008964157","https://openalex.org/W2060126487","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2080777922","https://openalex.org/W2083439074","https://openalex.org/W2107990553","https://openalex.org/W2112725010","https://openalex.org/W2125930186","https://openalex.org/W2129054192","https://openalex.org/W2163830417","https://openalex.org/W2280626651","https://openalex.org/W2390872961","https://openalex.org/W2466623814","https://openalex.org/W2478085102","https://openalex.org/W2535360781","https://openalex.org/W2567339720","https://openalex.org/W2573595126","https://openalex.org/W2794064506","https://openalex.org/W2806566646","https://openalex.org/W2809210764","https://openalex.org/W2899295808","https://openalex.org/W2905506149","https://openalex.org/W2926323824","https://openalex.org/W2940544705","https://openalex.org/W2944319316","https://openalex.org/W2949411540","https://openalex.org/W2950250898","https://openalex.org/W2964096422","https://openalex.org/W2972552529","https://openalex.org/W2974038926","https://openalex.org/W2978807477","https://openalex.org/W2991485364","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W2995694008","https://openalex.org/W2998907760","https://openalex.org/W3000327881","https://openalex.org/W3003588077","https://openalex.org/W3004480329","https://openalex.org/W3007047590","https://openalex.org/W3008847097","https://openalex.org/W3010045290","https://openalex.org/W3014723334","https://openalex.org/W3016913170","https://openalex.org/W3025738930","https://openalex.org/W3035515839","https://openalex.org/W3041030907","https://openalex.org/W3045407904","https://openalex.org/W3049773447","https://openalex.org/W3081758021","https://openalex.org/W3097384222","https://openalex.org/W3111839507","https://openalex.org/W3127071514","https://openalex.org/W3135680541","https://openalex.org/W3152711973","https://openalex.org/W3157927002","https://openalex.org/W3167455193","https://openalex.org/W3188295244","https://openalex.org/W3213112624","https://openalex.org/W4210744198","https://openalex.org/W4210870513","https://openalex.org/W4214851436","https://openalex.org/W4220765766","https://openalex.org/W4224865998","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4280590410","https://openalex.org/W4281695394","https://openalex.org/W4283265142","https://openalex.org/W4296350400","https://openalex.org/W4296713795","https://openalex.org/W4307401686","https://openalex.org/W4312719866","https://openalex.org/W4313563629","https://openalex.org/W4353070501","https://openalex.org/W4362704337","https://openalex.org/W4380876841","https://openalex.org/W4381490097","https://openalex.org/W4383162895","https://openalex.org/W4387556848","https://openalex.org/W4387558653","https://openalex.org/W4390722401","https://openalex.org/W4411295383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W86715331","https://openalex.org/W2589310464","https://openalex.org/W2191980369","https://openalex.org/W1973069074","https://openalex.org/W3082113536","https://openalex.org/W2135999174","https://openalex.org/W2479491726","https://openalex.org/W2189359266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"today's":[1],"technological":[2],"world,":[3],"the":[4,20],"impact":[5],"of":[6,23],"digital":[7,27,65,86,101],"informal":[8,28,66,87,102],"learning":[9,29,67,88,103],"on":[10,74],"learners\u2019":[11],"performance":[12],"is":[13],"crucial.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16],"aimed":[17],"to":[18,111],"investigate":[19],"mediating":[21,83],"role":[22,84],"academic":[24,31,75,78,91,106,113],"hardiness":[25,76,79,107],"between":[26,85],"and":[30,58,71,77,89,96,104],"performance.":[32,92,114],"The":[33,61],"sample":[34],"comprised":[35],"347":[36],"students":[37],"from":[38],"Shiraz":[39],"University":[40],"who":[41],"were":[42],"selected":[43],"using":[44,52],"proportional":[45],"random":[46],"sampling.":[47],"Data":[48],"analysis":[49],"was":[50],"conducted":[51],"structural":[53],"equation":[54],"modeling":[55],"with":[56],"SPSS":[57],"AMOS":[59],"software.":[60],"findings":[62],"indicated":[63],"that":[64],"has":[68],"a":[69,81],"positive":[70,82],"significant":[72],"effect":[73],"plays":[80],"students\u2019":[90],"Therefore,":[93],"policymakers,":[94],"planners,":[95],"educators":[97],"should":[98],"consider":[99],"integrating":[100],"fostering":[105],"in":[108],"programs":[109],"designed":[110],"enhance":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
