{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4397047606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909","title":"Development of a distance education attitude scale for lifelong learning (DEAS-LLL): a validity and reliability study","display_name":"Development of a distance education attitude scale for lifelong learning (DEAS-LLL): a validity and reliability study","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4397047606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098690810","display_name":"Fetiye Ayk\u0131\u015f","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-5948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152174","display_name":"Karma Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/05fg21x21","country_code":"IN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152174"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152513","display_name":"Family Healthcare","ror":"https://ror.org/04stq9b42","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152513"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fetiye Ayk\u0131\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kartal No. 12 Family Healthcare Center","Department of Family Medicine, Kartal No. 12 Family Healthcare Center, \u0130stanbul, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0176-5948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kartal No. 12 Family Healthcare Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152174","https://openalex.org/I4210152513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Kartal No. 12 Family Healthcare Center, \u0130stanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101877413","display_name":"Yasemin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-6627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132257509","display_name":"Izmir University","ror":"https://ror.org/013h3xr51","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132257509"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170153556","display_name":"University of Health Science","ror":"https://ror.org/04jpmg381","country_code":"KH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170153556"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128276","display_name":"Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bilimleri \u00dcniversitesi","ror":"https://ror.org/03k7bde87","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210135126","display_name":"Izmir Tepecik E\u011fitim ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Hastanesi","ror":"https://ror.org/038h97h67","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210135126"]}],"countries":["KH","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasemin K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital \u0130zmir","University of Health Sciences","Department of Family Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital \u0130zmir, Izmir, Turkey","Department of Family Medicine, \u0130zmir Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1463-6627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital \u0130zmir","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Health Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170153556"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, Izmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital \u0130zmir, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210135126"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Family Medicine, \u0130zmir Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Izmir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132257509","https://openalex.org/I4210128276"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098690810"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152174","https://openalex.org/I4210152513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90837116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1","first_page":"742","last_page":"753"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12164","display_name":"Education Practices and Challenges","score":0.9133999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifelong-learning","display_name":"Lifelong learning","score":0.686182975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6692255139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.6684576272964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.5292731523513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/validity","display_name":"Validity","score":0.5248741507530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-education","display_name":"Distance education","score":0.4725584387779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.46872127056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40487784147262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-psychology","display_name":"Applied psychology","score":0.33218178153038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3125189542770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.26311302185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.1407833695411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0960206687450409}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108771440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q368475","display_name":"Lifelong learning","level":2,"score":0.686182975769043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6692255139350891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.6684576272964478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5292731523513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70364389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18757","display_name":"Validity","level":3,"score":0.5248741507530212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503872463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159595","display_name":"Distance education","level":2,"score":0.4725584387779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.46872127056121826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40487784147262573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.33218178153038025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3125189542770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.26311302185058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1407833695411682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0960206687450409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2354909","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1573453741","https://openalex.org/W1973902957","https://openalex.org/W1982979344","https://openalex.org/W1998623504","https://openalex.org/W2043867338","https://openalex.org/W2072291372","https://openalex.org/W2152048573","https://openalex.org/W2170466219","https://openalex.org/W2197254401","https://openalex.org/W2464635991","https://openalex.org/W2529221719","https://openalex.org/W2607196662","https://openalex.org/W3041945896","https://openalex.org/W3049449064","https://openalex.org/W3090433551","https://openalex.org/W3091484763","https://openalex.org/W3120237064","https://openalex.org/W3158330034","https://openalex.org/W3177023710","https://openalex.org/W3186726258","https://openalex.org/W3189992978","https://openalex.org/W3214669116","https://openalex.org/W4238102362","https://openalex.org/W4244289287","https://openalex.org/W4252700473","https://openalex.org/W4390500123","https://openalex.org/W6755708993","https://openalex.org/W6758025568","https://openalex.org/W6851303246"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364105709","https://openalex.org/W2384383462","https://openalex.org/W2380954666","https://openalex.org/W422428167","https://openalex.org/W1981922029","https://openalex.org/W2037025106","https://openalex.org/W2499777278","https://openalex.org/W2391851613","https://openalex.org/W1485190762","https://openalex.org/W4372778609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,108],"recent":[1],"times,":[2],"the":[3,19,41,44,84,103,109,145,156],"utilization":[4],"of":[5,21,46,63,123,154],"distance":[6,183],"education":[7,184],"(DE)":[8],"has":[9],"witnessed":[10],"a":[11,28,50,66,74,87,119,133,149,167],"notable":[12],"surge":[13],"across":[14,190],"various":[15],"sectors,":[16],"particularly":[17,173],"amidst":[18],"backdrop":[20],"pandemics.":[22],"This":[23],"study":[24],"aimed":[25],"to":[26,179],"develop":[27],"comprehensive":[29],"Distance":[30],"Education":[31,159],"Attitude":[32,160],"Scale":[33,161],"tailored":[34],"for":[35,188],"Lifelong":[36,163],"Learning":[37],"(LLL)":[38],"contexts.":[39],"Methodologically,":[40],"research":[42],"enlisted":[43],"participation":[45],"260":[47],"physicians,":[48,73],"employing":[49],"five-point":[51],"Likert":[52],"scale":[53,78,85],"design.":[54],"The":[55],"content":[56],"validity":[57],"index":[58],"yielded":[59,118],"an":[60,112],"impressive":[61],"score":[62],"0.92.":[64],"Following":[65],"rigorous":[67],"48-item":[68],"pilot":[69],"application":[70],"among":[71,174],"30":[72],"refined":[75],"37-item":[76],"draft":[77],"emerged.":[79],"Through":[80],"explanatory":[81],"factor":[82,100],"analysis,":[83,101],"revealed":[86,136],"robust":[88,120],"4-factor":[89],"structure":[90],"comprising":[91],"22":[92],"items.":[93],"Model":[94],"fit":[95],"indices,":[96],"gauged":[97],"through":[98],"confirmatory":[99],"underscored":[102],"scale's":[104,146],"coherence":[105],"and":[106,169,185],"alignment.":[107],"test-retest":[110],"phase,":[111],"analysis":[113],"utilizing":[114],"Pearson":[115],"Correlation":[116],"Coefficient":[117],"correlation":[121],"coefficient":[122],"r":[124],"=":[125,140],"0.891,":[126],"signifying":[127],"high":[128],"stability":[129],"over":[130],"time.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"paired-sample":[134],"t-test":[135],"non-significant":[137],"differences":[138],"(t":[139],"\u22120.041,":[141],"p:0.968),":[142],"further":[143],"affirming":[144],"reliability.":[147],"With":[148],"commendable":[150],"Cronbach's":[151],"alpha":[152],"value":[153],"0.946,":[155],"finalized":[157],"\u201cDistance":[158],"in":[162],"Learning\u201d":[164],"stands":[165],"as":[166],"validated":[168],"highly":[170],"reliable":[171],"instrument,":[172],"physicians.":[175],"Its":[176],"applicability":[177],"extends":[178],"academic":[180],"inquiries":[181],"regarding":[182],"holds":[186],"promise":[187],"validation":[189],"diverse":[191],"adult":[192],"learning":[193],"cohorts.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}