{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390048706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774","title":"Exploring the effects of SPOC-based blended learning on students\u2019 learning performance at higher vocational education","display_name":"Exploring the effects of SPOC-based blended learning on students\u2019 learning performance at higher vocational education","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390048706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043868216","display_name":"Wuxue Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5293-1136"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wuxue Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Education University of Hong Kong","Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Education University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029044568","display_name":"Ying Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9488-8044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Education University of Hong Kong","Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Education University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Curriculum and Instruction, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001855503","display_name":"Daner Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9813-6306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daner Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Education University of Hong Kong","Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Education University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100984416","display_name":"Jin Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Macau","Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Macau","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007973892","display_name":"Peiyao Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-2845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiyao Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Education University of Hong Kong","Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Education University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Information Technology, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001855503"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6952,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88777219,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"10","first_page":"6949","last_page":"6966"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocational-education","display_name":"Vocational education","score":0.7689322233200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.6201409697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.6124182939529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blended-learning","display_name":"Blended learning","score":0.5482870936393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4770776033401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-achievement","display_name":"Academic achievement","score":0.4766567349433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.43544360995292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.3140770494937897}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.7689322233200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6201409697532654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6124182939529419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158592959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869010","display_name":"Blended learning","level":3,"score":0.5482870936393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4770776033401489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.4766567349433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.43544360995292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3140770494937897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2023.2294774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133486531","https://openalex.org/W1540876642","https://openalex.org/W1567950749","https://openalex.org/W1592080469","https://openalex.org/W1815891240","https://openalex.org/W1970124762","https://openalex.org/W1977611293","https://openalex.org/W1995706466","https://openalex.org/W2007776982","https://openalex.org/W2010702374","https://openalex.org/W2014858765","https://openalex.org/W2020581116","https://openalex.org/W2036196959","https://openalex.org/W2056652825","https://openalex.org/W2056935421","https://openalex.org/W2068746655","https://openalex.org/W2081619036","https://openalex.org/W2091448591","https://openalex.org/W2106760415","https://openalex.org/W2107882115","https://openalex.org/W2136260021","https://openalex.org/W2143179185","https://openalex.org/W2151189449","https://openalex.org/W2156378922","https://openalex.org/W2161280947","https://openalex.org/W2167037201","https://openalex.org/W2337159641","https://openalex.org/W2748035152","https://openalex.org/W2754717103","https://openalex.org/W2773199535","https://openalex.org/W2792002226","https://openalex.org/W2802898729","https://openalex.org/W2806533964","https://openalex.org/W2808160436","https://openalex.org/W2811174750","https://openalex.org/W2811460327","https://openalex.org/W2889805141","https://openalex.org/W2893387579","https://openalex.org/W2894931326","https://openalex.org/W2907062211","https://openalex.org/W2916690225","https://openalex.org/W2926816723","https://openalex.org/W2936135577","https://openalex.org/W2945529502","https://openalex.org/W2945643103","https://openalex.org/W2946601762","https://openalex.org/W2954475117","https://openalex.org/W2972324304","https://openalex.org/W2979309498","https://openalex.org/W2986764313","https://openalex.org/W2995628705","https://openalex.org/W2996235372","https://openalex.org/W3004257166","https://openalex.org/W3005281502","https://openalex.org/W3011312072","https://openalex.org/W3022363650","https://openalex.org/W3046229492","https://openalex.org/W3091064963","https://openalex.org/W3100623432","https://openalex.org/W3124080187","https://openalex.org/W3134799350","https://openalex.org/W3165050809","https://openalex.org/W3168940278","https://openalex.org/W3184360216","https://openalex.org/W3209288509","https://openalex.org/W4223477077","https://openalex.org/W4225351704","https://openalex.org/W4280618694","https://openalex.org/W4281557806","https://openalex.org/W4281629092","https://openalex.org/W4286433700","https://openalex.org/W4288425308","https://openalex.org/W4292057105","https://openalex.org/W4310785894","https://openalex.org/W4321094365","https://openalex.org/W4321217744","https://openalex.org/W4321439399","https://openalex.org/W4321453029","https://openalex.org/W4322768999","https://openalex.org/W4386307611"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2380390437","https://openalex.org/W2375879481","https://openalex.org/W2379499042","https://openalex.org/W2085030793","https://openalex.org/W2141967468","https://openalex.org/W2914528157","https://openalex.org/W1964648952","https://openalex.org/W3080287063","https://openalex.org/W2806361344","https://openalex.org/W1997166130"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Higher":[0],"vocational":[1,76,191],"education":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"on":[5,42,117],"a":[6,25,61,74,172],"trajectory":[7],"of":[8,14,33,37,63,102,141,186],"rapid":[9],"development.":[10],"However,":[11],"the":[12,31,142,158,182],"challenge":[13],"fostering":[15],"effective":[16],"learning":[17,40,45,47,94,96,131,133,165,169,188],"in":[18,52,73,98,128,189],"students":[19,69],"persists.":[20],"In":[21],"response":[22],"to":[23,29,83,113],"this,":[24],"study":[26,59,179],"was":[27],"undertaken":[28],"explore":[30],"impact":[32],"an":[34],"optimized":[35],"model":[36],"SPOC-based":[38],"blended":[39,187],"(SPOC-BL)":[41],"student":[43,92,121,129,155],"presence,":[44,93,130],"satisfaction,":[46,95,134],"motivation,":[48,132,166],"and":[49,66,88,107,120,135,167,184],"academic":[50,86,136],"performance":[51,87,116],"C":[53],"language":[54],"programming":[55],"course.":[56],"This":[57],"quasi-experimental":[58],"spanned":[60],"period":[62],"three":[64],"months":[65],"involved":[67],"92":[68],"from":[70],"two":[71],"classes":[72],"higher":[75,190],"school.":[77],"Quantitative":[78],"research":[79],"methods":[80],"were":[81,111],"employed":[82],"analyze":[84,114],"students\u2019":[85,115],"their":[89],"interrelationship":[90],"among":[91],"motivation":[97],"SPOC-BL":[99],"approach.":[100,145],"Analysis":[101],"Covariance,":[103],"paired":[104],"samples":[105],"t-tests,":[106],"multiple":[108],"regression":[109],"analysis":[110],"conducted":[112],"achievement":[118,137],"tests":[119],"surveys.":[122],"The":[123,146,178],"results":[124],"showed":[125],"substantial":[126],"improvements":[127],"as":[138],"direct":[139],"outcomes":[140],"innovative":[143],"instructional":[144],"findings":[147],"illuminated":[148],"significant":[149,160],"effects":[150],"for":[151],"all":[152],"factors,":[153],"with":[154,168],"presence":[156],"exerting":[157],"most":[159],"influence,":[161],"followed":[162],"closely":[163],"by":[164],"satisfaction":[170],"playing":[171],"smaller":[173],"yet":[174],"still":[175],"meaningful":[176],"role.":[177],"will":[180],"inform":[181],"design":[183],"implementation":[185],"education.":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}