{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3112248899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","title":"Technology acceptance model and multi-user virtual reality learning environments for Chinese language education","display_name":"Technology acceptance model and multi-user virtual reality learning environments for Chinese language education","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3112248899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","mag":"3112248899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042933080","display_name":"Alex Barrett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1229-9743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Barrett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1229-9743","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073501090","display_name":"Austin Pack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-5620"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Austin Pack","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3861-5620","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101685400","display_name":"Yajing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5229-6080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74788687","display_name":"Comenius University Bratislava","ror":"https://ror.org/0587ef340","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74788687"]}],"countries":["CN","SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yajing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Confucius Institute, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia","Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Confucius Institute, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74788687"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002979535","display_name":"Ningjuan Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69356397","display_name":"Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmrmn05","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningjuan (Joanne) Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042933080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69356397"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.3599,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96220904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"3","first_page":"1665","last_page":"1682"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.9616000056266785,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.9535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6878337860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","score":0.6647987365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5596787929534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affect","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","score":0.5450761914253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.5153440833091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.49731019139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-acquisition","display_name":"Language acquisition","score":0.4541052281856537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4435281753540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instructional-simulation","display_name":"Instructional simulation","score":0.4330729842185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-environment","display_name":"Learning environment","score":0.4310291111469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-learning-environment","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","score":0.42530685663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.41240906715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.40796002745628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.36588340997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3075657784938812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12680649757385254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6878337860107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776185967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q112945","display_name":"Technology acceptance model","level":3,"score":0.6647987365722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.627187967300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5596787929534912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5450761914253235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.5153440833091736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.49731019139289856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.4541052281856537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4435281753540039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178624890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17056636","display_name":"Instructional simulation","level":3,"score":0.4330729842185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778365744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2426689","display_name":"Learning environment","level":2,"score":0.4310291111469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66699896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349394","display_name":"Virtual learning environment","level":2,"score":0.42530685663223267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.41240906715393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.40796002745628357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36588340997695923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3075657784938812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12680649757385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1855209","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W957206343","https://openalex.org/W1136191528","https://openalex.org/W1509816124","https://openalex.org/W1573234480","https://openalex.org/W1585649873","https://openalex.org/W1600319694","https://openalex.org/W1621234919","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1970332800","https://openalex.org/W1982000255","https://openalex.org/W1988455886","https://openalex.org/W1997071680","https://openalex.org/W1999755355","https://openalex.org/W2004972014","https://openalex.org/W2005856118","https://openalex.org/W2008222325","https://openalex.org/W2019470489","https://openalex.org/W2030798471","https://openalex.org/W2056569531","https://openalex.org/W2068940565","https://openalex.org/W2070252312","https://openalex.org/W2076764417","https://openalex.org/W2080777922","https://openalex.org/W2083376913","https://openalex.org/W2104597259","https://openalex.org/W2114058809","https://openalex.org/W2117012826","https://openalex.org/W2146443169","https://openalex.org/W2150584409","https://openalex.org/W2169726144","https://openalex.org/W2187469815","https://openalex.org/W2240714402","https://openalex.org/W2257545119","https://openalex.org/W2285453998","https://openalex.org/W2416024065","https://openalex.org/W2507382110","https://openalex.org/W2612555361","https://openalex.org/W2765944295","https://openalex.org/W2768469156","https://openalex.org/W2780655610","https://openalex.org/W2783133992","https://openalex.org/W2789092433","https://openalex.org/W2793853407","https://openalex.org/W2798199713","https://openalex.org/W2826163674","https://openalex.org/W2889404109","https://openalex.org/W2899038291","https://openalex.org/W2922247102","https://openalex.org/W2936846703","https://openalex.org/W2937549447","https://openalex.org/W2942077782","https://openalex.org/W2963195665","https://openalex.org/W2990734033","https://openalex.org/W3024663129","https://openalex.org/W3045029798","https://openalex.org/W4234542464","https://openalex.org/W4235678817","https://openalex.org/W4247985956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363791248","https://openalex.org/W4205909503","https://openalex.org/W2005153456","https://openalex.org/W2810178446","https://openalex.org/W2182300387","https://openalex.org/W4319066548","https://openalex.org/W4284670444","https://openalex.org/W2080448205","https://openalex.org/W2025255318","https://openalex.org/W2396665319"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0],"reality":[1,98],"is":[2,25],"a":[3,14,31,61,82,102],"rapidly":[4],"developing":[5],"technology":[6,99,111,192],"and":[7,182],"its":[8],"applications":[9],"are":[10],"being":[11,26],"explored":[12],"in":[13,129,153,196],"variety":[15],"of":[16,23,69,81,96,110,134,166,168,178,187],"educational":[17],"fields.":[18],"While":[19],"an":[20,73,138],"increasing":[21],"amount":[22],"attention":[24],"paid":[27],"to":[28,118,160],"VR":[29,41,63,179],"as":[30,72],"language":[32,149],"learning":[33,64,70,180],"tool,":[34],"there":[35],"remains":[36],"less":[37],"research":[38],"on":[39],"using":[40,143],"with":[42,107],"languages":[43],"other":[44],"than":[45],"English.":[46],"Adapting":[47],"the":[48,67,93,108,120,123,132,144,156,162,169,176,184,197],"Technology":[49],"Acceptance":[50],"Model,":[51],"this":[52,191],"study":[53],"investigated":[54],"learner":[55],"attitudes":[56],"towards":[57,142],"Hubs":[58],"by":[59,79],"Mozilla,":[60],"multi-user":[62],"environment,":[65],"for":[66,147,175,183],"purpose":[68],"Chinese":[71,148],"additional":[74],"language.":[75],"Data":[76],"were":[77],"collected":[78],"means":[80],"post-participation":[83],"questionnaire":[84],"that":[85,92,172],"measured":[86],"seven":[87],"constructs.":[88,124],"It":[89],"was":[90,116],"hypothesized":[91],"unique":[94],"features":[95],"virtual":[97,145,157,185],"would":[100],"have":[101],"statistically":[103],"significant":[104],"positive":[105],"association":[106],"constructs":[109],"acceptance.":[112],"Structural":[113],"Equation":[114],"Modeling":[115],"used":[117],"explore":[119],"relationships":[121],"between":[122,131],"Results":[125],"indicate":[126],"varying":[127],"degrees":[128],"significance":[130],"impacts":[133],"different":[135],"constructs,":[136],"but":[137],"overall":[139],"agreeable":[140],"attitude":[141],"environment":[146,158],"learning.":[150],"Furthermore,":[151],"difficulties":[152],"interaction":[154],"within":[155],"seemed":[159],"affect":[161],"learners\u2019":[163],"perceived":[164],"ease":[165],"use":[167],"technology,":[170],"suggesting":[171],"increased":[173],"consideration":[174],"design":[177],"environments":[181],"literacies":[186],"learners":[188],"may":[189],"help":[190],"be":[193],"more":[194],"successful":[195],"classroom.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}