{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3034788470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","title":"Development of the new media literacy scale for EFL learners in China: a validation study","display_name":"Development of the new media literacy scale for EFL learners in China: a validation study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3034788470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","mag":"3034788470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063867088","display_name":"Lin Luan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3473-2069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Luan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University","Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foreign Languages, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008350565","display_name":"Jyh\u2010Chong Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-5950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Chong Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University","Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University","Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Program of Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035167001","display_name":"Ching Sing Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6298-4813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching Sing Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022690159","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Bin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1379-0860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134161618","display_name":"National Taiwan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/059dkdx38","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Bin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University","Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101578820","display_name":"Yan Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1678-6370"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University","School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Educational Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008350565"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134161618"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.4048,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9882688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"1","first_page":"244","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11935","display_name":"Literacy, Media, and Education","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11935","display_name":"Literacy, Media, and Education","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14182","display_name":"Technology-Enhanced Education Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12338","display_name":"Digital literacy in education","score":0.9546999931335449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptualization","display_name":"Conceptualization","score":0.6233213543891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confirmatory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","score":0.5820670127868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citizen-journalism","display_name":"Citizen journalism","score":0.5592336058616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-literacy","display_name":"Media literacy","score":0.527513325214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.5148395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.501927375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.5013144016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.48587340116500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.47925567626953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.47895175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35356399416923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-equation-modeling","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","score":0.2854989767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.2552584707736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1060420572757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.09487053751945496}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.6233213543891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.5820670127868652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203663800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848979","display_name":"Citizen journalism","level":2,"score":0.5592336058616638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97628146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507246","display_name":"Media literacy","level":2,"score":0.527513325214386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.5148395895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.501927375793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.5013144016265869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.48587340116500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.47925567626953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.47895175218582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35356399416923523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.2854989767074585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.2552584707736969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1060420572757721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09487053751945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2020.1774396","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4654201593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ICER201902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","funder_display_name":"Beijing Normal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321432","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1549497643","https://openalex.org/W1608836379","https://openalex.org/W1967844991","https://openalex.org/W1985419904","https://openalex.org/W2002059025","https://openalex.org/W2006871850","https://openalex.org/W2021591304","https://openalex.org/W2029487046","https://openalex.org/W2055468267","https://openalex.org/W2085067988","https://openalex.org/W2113365231","https://openalex.org/W2129955640","https://openalex.org/W2163800427","https://openalex.org/W2250408147","https://openalex.org/W2331876085","https://openalex.org/W2338830456","https://openalex.org/W2467145685","https://openalex.org/W2499037280","https://openalex.org/W2504247073","https://openalex.org/W2730189203","https://openalex.org/W2732560198","https://openalex.org/W2763990142","https://openalex.org/W2797786869","https://openalex.org/W2801797413","https://openalex.org/W2804903425","https://openalex.org/W2884870519","https://openalex.org/W2885050042","https://openalex.org/W2907837912","https://openalex.org/W2971387709","https://openalex.org/W2985979929","https://openalex.org/W4251921485","https://openalex.org/W4404896938","https://openalex.org/W6671487767","https://openalex.org/W7053406399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362575170","https://openalex.org/W1532772865","https://openalex.org/W2531253623","https://openalex.org/W2984230149","https://openalex.org/W2112095637","https://openalex.org/W2237121679","https://openalex.org/W4390616414","https://openalex.org/W3212890177","https://openalex.org/W2006867289","https://openalex.org/W1188194610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,117,156,175],"emergence":[1],"of":[2,39,47,54,73,115,120,136,144,187],"new":[3,26,67,95],"media":[4,19,27,68,96],"technologies":[5],"has":[6,49],"empowered":[7],"individuals":[8],"to":[9,84,106],"not":[10],"merely":[11],"consume":[12],"but":[13],"also":[14,199],"create,":[15],"share":[16],"and":[17,33,78,86,152,173],"critique":[18],"contents.":[20],"Such":[21],"activities":[22],"are":[23,198],"dependent":[24],"on":[25,51],"literacy":[28,97],"(NML)":[29],"necessary":[30],"for":[31,75,91,195],"living":[32],"working":[34],"in":[35,99,132],"the":[36,40,52,71,109,112,137,181,184],"participatory":[37],"culture":[38],"twenty-first":[41],"century.":[42],"Although":[43],"a":[44,62,88,129,149],"burgeoning":[45],"body":[46],"research":[48,89,197],"focused":[50],"conceptualization":[53],"NML,":[55],"limited":[56],"studies":[57],"have":[58],"explored":[59],"English":[60],"as":[61],"foreign":[63],"language":[64],"(EFL)":[65],"learners\u2019":[66,94],"literacy.":[69],"Considering":[70],"importance":[72],"NML":[74],"EFL":[76,93,122],"learning":[77],"teaching,":[79],"this":[80],"quantitative":[81],"study":[82],"aims":[83],"develop":[85],"validate":[87],"instrument":[90],"assessing":[92],"(ENML)":[98],"China.":[100,133],"Confirmatory":[101],"factor":[102],"analysis":[103],"was":[104],"employed":[105],"further":[107,196],"examine":[108],"relationships":[110,182],"among":[111,183],"different":[113],"indicators":[114,186],"ENML.":[116,188],"sample":[118],"consisted":[119],"974":[121],"learners":[123],"(669":[124],"males,":[125],"305":[126],"females)":[127],"from":[128],"comprehensive":[130],"university":[131],"A":[134],"comparison":[135],"five":[138],"proposed":[139],"models":[140,179],"indicated":[141],"that":[142],"all":[143],"them":[145],"were":[146],"acceptable,":[147],"including":[148],"first-order":[150,157],"model":[151,158],"four":[153,177],"second-order":[154,178],"models.":[155],"includes":[159],"10":[160,185],"indicators:":[161],"consuming":[162],"skill,":[163,169],"understanding,":[164],"analysis,":[165],"synthesis,":[166],"evaluation,":[167],"prosuming":[168],"distribution,":[170],"production,":[171],"participation,":[172],"feedback.":[174],"other":[176],"describe":[180],"These":[189],"results":[190],"along":[191],"with":[192],"their":[193],"implications":[194],"elaborated.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
