{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2976595569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","title":"Revisiting variation affordance: applying variation theory in the design of educational software","display_name":"Revisiting variation affordance: applying variation theory in the design of educational software","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2976595569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","mag":"2976595569"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072455708","display_name":"HC Lam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7242-3342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086892","display_name":"Education University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/000t0f062","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ho Cheong Lam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong","Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Early Childhood Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072455708"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086892"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72355057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"527","last_page":"538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12478","display_name":"Wikis in Education and Collaboration","score":0.9316999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.9210000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10162","display_name":"Online and Blended Learning","score":0.9099000096321106,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variation","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","score":0.8124337792396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affordance","display_name":"Affordance","score":0.7233312129974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6687687039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5810618996620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-software","display_name":"Educational software","score":0.5125172138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-theory","display_name":"Learning theory","score":0.5052984356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-technology","display_name":"Educational technology","score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.38122454285621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.35379159450531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14670923352241516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.8124337792396545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.7233312129974365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6687687039375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5810618996620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543511877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074158","display_name":"Educational software","level":3,"score":0.5125172138214111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.5052984356880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.4421963393688202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.38122454285621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35379159450531006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14670923352241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10494820.2019.1668812?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90466346","display_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","issn_l":"1049-4820","issn":["1049-4820","1744-5191"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interactive Learning Environments","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2976595569.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W163190341","https://openalex.org/W207823173","https://openalex.org/W324630069","https://openalex.org/W1518115596","https://openalex.org/W1551895856","https://openalex.org/W1994626640","https://openalex.org/W1998866655","https://openalex.org/W2053845430","https://openalex.org/W2106976957","https://openalex.org/W2116463829","https://openalex.org/W2122534729","https://openalex.org/W2142986368","https://openalex.org/W2155470707","https://openalex.org/W2324885128","https://openalex.org/W2329395632","https://openalex.org/W2337068785","https://openalex.org/W2622649251","https://openalex.org/W2744843869","https://openalex.org/W2890700852","https://openalex.org/W2914577637","https://openalex.org/W3004819684","https://openalex.org/W4236859963","https://openalex.org/W4237239088","https://openalex.org/W4242925399"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972718289","https://openalex.org/W1791514435","https://openalex.org/W2106481244","https://openalex.org/W1512200581","https://openalex.org/W2070052318","https://openalex.org/W2032030830","https://openalex.org/W388235554","https://openalex.org/W291811037","https://openalex.org/W2104437250","https://openalex.org/W2068476784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Variation":[0],"theory,":[1],"which":[2,138],"is":[3,25,139],"a":[4,37,62,103],"theory":[5,32],"of":[6,22,30,36,39,53,65,106,144],"learning":[7,78],"developed":[8],"by":[9],"Marton":[10],"and":[11,46,117],"others,":[12],"has":[13],"quickly":[14],"become":[15],"popular":[16],"in":[17,33,73],"education":[18],"research.":[19],"Our":[20],"purpose":[21],"this":[23,82,145],"paper":[24],"to":[26,93,96,111,114],"articulate":[27],"the":[28,34,51,71,140],"application":[29],"variation":[31,113],"form":[35],"number":[38],"concrete":[40],"design":[41,87,125],"principles":[42,126],"that":[43],"offer":[44],"prescriptive":[45],"practical":[47,142],"guidelines":[48],"for":[49,77,129],"improving":[50],"designs":[52],"educational":[54,66,135],"software":[55,67,136],"programs.":[56],"To":[57],"achieve":[58],"this,":[59],"we":[60,84],"analyzed":[61],"wide":[63],"range":[64],"programs":[68],"produced":[69],"over":[70],"years":[72],"our":[74],"previous":[75],"projects":[76],"Chinese":[79],"characters.":[80],"From":[81],"analysis,":[83],"identified":[85],"four":[86],"principles,":[88],"namely,":[89],"(i)":[90],"not":[91],"aiming":[92],"test":[94],"but":[95],"bring":[97],"about":[98],"learning,":[99,107],"(ii)":[100],"focusing":[101],"on":[102],"specific":[104],"object":[105],"(iii)":[108],"allowing":[109],"learners":[110,132],"explore":[112],"be":[115],"learned,":[116],"(iv)":[118],"keeping":[119],"all":[120],"other":[121],"aspects":[122],"invariant.":[123],"These":[124],"are":[127],"specialized":[128],"designing":[130],"how":[131],"interact":[133],"with":[134],"programs,":[137],"major":[141],"contribution":[143],"paper.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}