{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413134388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067","title":"How Virtual Reality Contributes to Enhancing Listening Comprehension and Listening Motivated Behaviour of EFL Learners: A Focus on the Hypothetical Model of Immersive Cognition","display_name":"How Virtual Reality Contributes to Enhancing Listening Comprehension and Listening Motivated Behaviour of EFL Learners: A Focus on the Hypothetical Model of Immersive Cognition","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413134388","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049547394","display_name":"Gwo\u2010Jen Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-276X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34574549","display_name":"National Taichung University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/006tnfe02","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwo-Jen Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management, Yuan Ze University","Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education","College of Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan","Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5155-276X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management, Yuan Ze University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Educational Information and Measurement, National Taichung University of Education, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34574549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007746506","display_name":"Masoud Rahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-2087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124704065","display_name":"University of Kurdistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04k89yk85","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Rahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan","Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0684-2087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081574928","display_name":"Jalil Fathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-0175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124704065","display_name":"University of Kurdistan","ror":"https://ror.org/04k89yk85","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jalil Fathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan","Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-0175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English and Linguistics, Faculty of Language and Literature, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081574928"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124704065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.787,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8482648,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"5","first_page":"3747","last_page":"3769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13565","display_name":"Education and Learning Interventions","score":0.9818000197410583,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13903","display_name":"Innovative Educational Techniques","score":0.9395999908447266,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-listening","display_name":"Active listening","score":0.7520488500595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/listening-comprehension","display_name":"Listening comprehension","score":0.6694057583808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.6361919641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.5476107597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5110727548599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comprehension","display_name":"Comprehension","score":0.48021969199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4801047146320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.42840784788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42592161893844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.38447150588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3250854015350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.1573173999786377}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177291462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423038","display_name":"Active listening","level":2,"score":0.7520488500595093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986659363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6646450","display_name":"Listening comprehension","level":3,"score":0.6694057583808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.6361919641494751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5476107597351074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5110727548599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511192102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156948","display_name":"Comprehension","level":2,"score":0.48021969199180603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4801047146320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.42840784788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42592161893844604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.38447150588035583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3250854015350342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.1573173999786377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2534067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547872769","https://openalex.org/W1951008065","https://openalex.org/W2028954902","https://openalex.org/W2087484885","https://openalex.org/W2101918102","https://openalex.org/W2289937106","https://openalex.org/W2499159010","https://openalex.org/W2559235054","https://openalex.org/W2587573685","https://openalex.org/W2595491555","https://openalex.org/W2785327121","https://openalex.org/W2800880283","https://openalex.org/W2802131032","https://openalex.org/W2898620615","https://openalex.org/W2903792283","https://openalex.org/W2910807112","https://openalex.org/W2946286892","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W3004089442","https://openalex.org/W3014230644","https://openalex.org/W3016755447","https://openalex.org/W3025325169","https://openalex.org/W3089978092","https://openalex.org/W3127211988","https://openalex.org/W3131526504","https://openalex.org/W3158004957","https://openalex.org/W3187200923","https://openalex.org/W3204780887","https://openalex.org/W4214847198","https://openalex.org/W4226486467","https://openalex.org/W4309830345","https://openalex.org/W4360847994","https://openalex.org/W4360869469","https://openalex.org/W4361217570","https://openalex.org/W4367317663","https://openalex.org/W4367680503","https://openalex.org/W4385460248","https://openalex.org/W4391817740","https://openalex.org/W4393898905","https://openalex.org/W4396529617","https://openalex.org/W4399434341","https://openalex.org/W4403740022","https://openalex.org/W4404149209","https://openalex.org/W4409891566"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2317723112","https://openalex.org/W2475724061","https://openalex.org/W2773393136","https://openalex.org/W2174706483","https://openalex.org/W2997121352","https://openalex.org/W419536403","https://openalex.org/W2506280730","https://openalex.org/W2294656192","https://openalex.org/W2361173975","https://openalex.org/W2367360526"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Notwithstanding":[0],"the":[1,64,74,97,112,139,163,170,181,184,188,194,220,225,230,244,250,259,262,265,273,279,283],"challenges":[2],"English":[3],"as":[4,30,71,73],"a":[5,31,55,103,158,211],"foreign":[6],"language":[7],"(EFL)":[8],"learners":[9,45,132,242],"face":[10],"with":[11,79,240],"listening":[12,21,25,41,52,69,81,86,89,119,124,127,159,164,200,203,217,246,275,302,305],"comprehension":[13,87,125,160,201,303],"in":[14,34,46,54,96,197],"conventional":[15,80,118,147,195,216],"classes":[16],"due":[17],"to":[18,50,108,136,168,179,248,257,298],"limited":[19],"authentic":[20,51],"exposure":[22],"and":[23,47,88,110,117,126,152,162,190,202,215,270,289,304],"low":[24],"engagement,":[26],"virtual":[27,56],"reality":[28],"(VR),":[29],"recent":[32],"innovation":[33],"educational":[35],"technology,":[36],"has":[37],"provided":[38],"immersive,":[39],"interactive":[40],"experiences":[42,227],"that":[43,187],"engage":[44],"expose":[48],"them":[49],"activities":[53],"context.":[57],"However,":[58],"there":[59],"is":[60],"insufficient":[61],"research":[62],"on":[63,83,121],"specific":[65],"impact":[66,75,113],"of":[67,76,114,138,199,213,272,282],"VR-based":[68,214],"instruction,":[70,82,218,276],"well":[72],"blending":[77],"VR":[78,140,189,231,245,274,294],"EFL":[84,122,131,296,300],"learners\u2019":[85,123,266,301],"motivated":[90,128,165,204,306],"behaviour.":[91,129,205,307],"To":[92],"address":[93],"these":[94],"limitations":[95],"existing":[98],"research,":[99],"this":[100],"study":[101],"adopted":[102],"sequential":[104],"explanatory":[105],"mixed-methods":[106],"approach":[107],"explore":[109],"compare":[111],"VR,":[115],"blended,":[116],"instruction":[120,247,297],"Sixty-nine":[130],"were":[133,155,236],"randomly":[134],"assigned":[135],"one":[137],"(23":[141],"learners),":[142,145],"blended":[143,191,207],"(25":[144],"or":[146],"(21":[148],"learners)":[149],"classes.":[150],"Pre-":[151],"post-treatment":[153],"assessments":[154],"conducted":[156],"using":[157],"test":[161],"behaviour":[166],"scale":[167],"collect":[169],"required":[171,251],"quantitative":[172,182,280],"data.":[173,253],"Employing":[174],"two-way":[175],"repeated":[176],"measures":[177],"ANOVA":[178],"examine":[180],"data,":[183,261],"results":[185,263],"revealed":[186],"groups":[192],"outperformed":[193],"group":[196],"terms":[198],"The":[206,285],"group,":[208],"which":[209,277],"received":[210],"combination":[212],"experienced":[219],"most":[221],"significant":[222],"progress":[223],"from":[224],"immersive":[226],"facilitated":[228],"by":[229],"environment.":[232],"Individual":[233],"semi-structured":[234],"interviews":[235],"also":[237],"carried":[238],"out":[239],"some":[241],"experiencing":[243],"gather":[249],"qualitative":[252,260],"Adopting":[254],"thematic":[255],"analysis":[256],"analyse":[258],"highlighted":[264],"positive":[267],"attitudes":[268],"towards":[269],"perceptions":[271],"corroborated":[278],"findings":[281,286],"study.":[284],"suggested":[287],"effective":[288],"beneficial":[290],"methods":[291],"for":[292],"integrating":[293],"into":[295],"enhance":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}