{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411349958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","title":"Non-Real-Time Chatbot: Improving Anthropomorphism and Realizing Long-Term Human\u2013Chatbot Interaction","display_name":"Non-Real-Time Chatbot: Improving Anthropomorphism and Realizing Long-Term Human\u2013Chatbot Interaction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411349958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066075184","display_name":"Seiya Mitsuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-6307"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Seiya Mitsuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-6307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036228452","display_name":"Midori Ban","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-4315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Midori Ban","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-4315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000623582","display_name":"Tsunehiro Arimoto","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsunehiro Arimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories","Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014281210","display_name":"Hiroaki Sugiyama","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroaki Sugiyama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories","Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovative Communication Laboratory, NTT Communication Science Laboratories, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101425832","display_name":"Hiroshi Ishiguro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Ishiguro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039236080","display_name":"Yuichiro Yoshikawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3484-0361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuichiro Yoshikawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066075184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5715,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96276157,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"553","last_page":"566"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.9689676761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7302761673927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5551274418830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4263838827610016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3696543574333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication","display_name":"Communication","score":0.32639598846435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2751651406288147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.9689676761627197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7302761673927307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5551274418830872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4263838827610016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3696543574333191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.32639598846435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2751651406288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2025.2508316","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1989321113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP19H05691","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160405064","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPMXP0518071489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8653256465","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP20H00101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411349958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4411349958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262436420","https://openalex.org/W1507711477","https://openalex.org/W1522595683","https://openalex.org/W1567800216","https://openalex.org/W1570186766","https://openalex.org/W1598140581","https://openalex.org/W1633346712","https://openalex.org/W1766531844","https://openalex.org/W1968755157","https://openalex.org/W1972568927","https://openalex.org/W2001895410","https://openalex.org/W2002404540","https://openalex.org/W2005726679","https://openalex.org/W2021641437","https://openalex.org/W2028029365","https://openalex.org/W2032568497","https://openalex.org/W2036472487","https://openalex.org/W2039322651","https://openalex.org/W2039376592","https://openalex.org/W2056889125","https://openalex.org/W2074134568","https://openalex.org/W2080543434","https://openalex.org/W2092100931","https://openalex.org/W2103084543","https://openalex.org/W2111040806","https://openalex.org/W2130543722","https://openalex.org/W2135556254","https://openalex.org/W2137099385","https://openalex.org/W2137577228","https://openalex.org/W2144969491","https://openalex.org/W2153507350","https://openalex.org/W2154543439","https://openalex.org/W2162090451","https://openalex.org/W2554972835","https://openalex.org/W2615715350","https://openalex.org/W2622863697","https://openalex.org/W2795037203","https://openalex.org/W2811395754","https://openalex.org/W2871950322","https://openalex.org/W2889310216","https://openalex.org/W2893300601","https://openalex.org/W2899973249","https://openalex.org/W2906833531","https://openalex.org/W2908350269","https://openalex.org/W2908518612","https://openalex.org/W2963825865","https://openalex.org/W2964543620","https://openalex.org/W2997385904","https://openalex.org/W3014007670","https://openalex.org/W3036876381","https://openalex.org/W3094018806","https://openalex.org/W3116797747","https://openalex.org/W3118365755","https://openalex.org/W3123368171","https://openalex.org/W3126166345","https://openalex.org/W3127467472","https://openalex.org/W3139433464","https://openalex.org/W3149239344","https://openalex.org/W3186804217","https://openalex.org/W3197139780","https://openalex.org/W4288080268","https://openalex.org/W4304182948","https://openalex.org/W4319862409","https://openalex.org/W4321021545","https://openalex.org/W4327810158","https://openalex.org/W4385572383","https://openalex.org/W4387106912","https://openalex.org/W4387835442","https://openalex.org/W4390733953","https://openalex.org/W4396833227","https://openalex.org/W4404587114","https://openalex.org/W6904747374","https://openalex.org/W6959684749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4383501580","https://openalex.org/W4214931137","https://openalex.org/W4313813117","https://openalex.org/W4382052417","https://openalex.org/W3192088754","https://openalex.org/W4387007686","https://openalex.org/W3084631705","https://openalex.org/W3176146353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recent":[0],"research":[1],"has":[2],"focused":[3],"on":[4,67,98],"developing":[5],"non-task-oriented":[6],"dialogue":[7,16,113],"agents":[8],"with":[9,91],"high":[10],"anthropomorphism,":[11],"aiming":[12],"to":[13,32,59,108,128],"sustain":[14],"users\u2019":[15],"motivation":[17],"over":[18,145],"prolonged":[19,146],"periods.":[20,147],"Previous":[21],"studies":[22],"have":[23],"introduced":[24],"chatbots":[25,139],"that":[26,89,116,140],"deliberately":[27],"incorporate":[28],"short":[29],"response":[30,96],"delays":[31,97],"enhance":[33],"anthropomorphism":[34],"and":[35,125],"user":[36],"satisfaction.":[37],"However,":[38],"in":[39,130],"the":[40,46,63,117],"context":[41],"of":[42,48,62],"long-term":[43],"casual":[44,143],"conversations,":[45],"behavior":[47],"these":[49],"chatbots,":[50],"which":[51],"reply":[52],"within":[53],"a":[54,60,86,99,105],"few":[55,106],"seconds,":[56],"may":[57],"lead":[58],"perception":[61],"chatbot":[64,88,119],"as":[65,122],"always":[66],"standby,":[68],"lacking":[69],"its":[70],"own":[71],"schedule":[72],"or":[73],"personal":[74],"life,":[75],"thus":[76],"appearing":[77],"less":[78],"humanlike.":[79],"To":[80],"address":[81],"this":[82],"issue,":[83],"we":[84],"propose":[85],"non-real-time":[87,118],"interacts":[90],"users":[92,127],"while":[93],"introducing":[94],"deliberate":[95],"larger":[100],"time":[101],"scale,":[102],"ranging":[103],"from":[104],"minutes":[107],"several":[109],"hours.":[110],"A":[111],"five-day":[112],"experiment":[114],"confirmed":[115],"was":[120],"perceived":[121],"more":[123],"humanlike":[124],"encouraged":[126],"engage":[129],"extensive":[131],"dialogue.":[132],"These":[133],"insights":[134],"are":[135],"invaluable":[136],"for":[137],"designing":[138],"can":[141],"maintain":[142],"conversations":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-27T08:28:00.272161","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
