{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409434559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991","title":"MindScratch: A Visual Programming Support Tool for Classroom Learning Based on Multimodal Generative AI","display_name":"MindScratch: A Visual Programming Support Tool for Classroom Learning Based on Multimodal Generative AI","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-04-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409434559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031788959","display_name":"Yunnong Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunnong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088632557","display_name":"Shuhong Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0615-0607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhong Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102926451","display_name":"Yaxuan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2664-4386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaxuan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015625724","display_name":"Zejian Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5313-2742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zejian Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036387698","display_name":"Lingyun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-0493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingyun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5561-0493","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012614577","display_name":"Liuqing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-0394"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liuqing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9049-0394","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012614577"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7398,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97529403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"21","first_page":"13650","last_page":"13668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10533","display_name":"Teaching and Learning Programming","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10731","display_name":"Educational Games and Gamification","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11122","display_name":"Online Learning and Analytics","score":0.9210000038146973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.7004223465919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5976439118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4573362469673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.39243483543395996}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7004223465919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5976439118385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4573362469673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39243483543395996}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2475991","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7354850614","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62207023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570009404","https://openalex.org/W610733126","https://openalex.org/W1537860447","https://openalex.org/W1981759353","https://openalex.org/W2012312630","https://openalex.org/W2038333915","https://openalex.org/W2073150158","https://openalex.org/W2081690350","https://openalex.org/W2082575251","https://openalex.org/W2084944215","https://openalex.org/W2087641817","https://openalex.org/W2129476861","https://openalex.org/W2147070375","https://openalex.org/W2147172449","https://openalex.org/W2179578783","https://openalex.org/W2294905309","https://openalex.org/W2302335549","https://openalex.org/W2586731707","https://openalex.org/W2610017518","https://openalex.org/W2760706586","https://openalex.org/W2768343520","https://openalex.org/W2769533150","https://openalex.org/W2772153049","https://openalex.org/W2783539613","https://openalex.org/W2783753932","https://openalex.org/W2920916927","https://openalex.org/W2922274334","https://openalex.org/W2972727183","https://openalex.org/W3030163527","https://openalex.org/W3086641389","https://openalex.org/W3107163149","https://openalex.org/W3118001632","https://openalex.org/W3161446631","https://openalex.org/W3177813494","https://openalex.org/W3203321135","https://openalex.org/W3207101663","https://openalex.org/W4205737138","https://openalex.org/W4207052645","https://openalex.org/W4211263275","https://openalex.org/W4221143046","https://openalex.org/W4283705032","https://openalex.org/W4288046023","https://openalex.org/W4291476001","https://openalex.org/W4293792253","https://openalex.org/W4307472389","https://openalex.org/W4317502110","https://openalex.org/W4319829561","https://openalex.org/W4321162272","https://openalex.org/W4323033785","https://openalex.org/W4323655724","https://openalex.org/W4366547406","https://openalex.org/W4366549868","https://openalex.org/W4366549944","https://openalex.org/W4377371587","https://openalex.org/W4380681495","https://openalex.org/W4384347367","https://openalex.org/W4385632485","https://openalex.org/W4386718981","https://openalex.org/W4386920568","https://openalex.org/W4387076243","https://openalex.org/W4387730663","https://openalex.org/W4387801290","https://openalex.org/W4387969125","https://openalex.org/W4387993417","https://openalex.org/W4387993426","https://openalex.org/W4388488609","https://openalex.org/W4388802613","https://openalex.org/W4390873054","https://openalex.org/W4390985631","https://openalex.org/W4391558599","https://openalex.org/W4391584301","https://openalex.org/W4391673398","https://openalex.org/W4393232910","https://openalex.org/W4396721425","https://openalex.org/W4396831946","https://openalex.org/W4396833607","https://openalex.org/W4398776598","https://openalex.org/W4400210764","https://openalex.org/W6763868120","https://openalex.org/W6768135574"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2380075625","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Programming":[0],"is":[1],"essential":[2],"in":[3,82],"K-12":[4],"education":[5],"and":[6,16,53,123,138],"fosters":[7],"computational":[8,121],"thinking":[9,122],"skills.":[10],"Given":[11],"the":[12,17,103],"complexity":[13],"of":[14],"programming":[15,37,66,78,85,95],"advanced":[18],"skills":[19],"it":[20],"requires,":[21],"previous":[22],"research":[23],"has":[24],"introduced":[25,58],"user-friendly":[26],"tools":[27,42,131],"to":[28,45,71,102],"support":[29,67],"young":[30],"learners.":[31],"However,":[32],"our":[33],"interviews":[34],"with":[35,76,114],"six":[36],"educators":[38],"revealed":[39],"that":[40,128],"current":[41],"often":[43],"fail":[44],"reflect":[46],"classroom":[47,74],"learning":[48,90,115,140],"objectives,":[49],"offer":[50,134],"flexible":[51],"guidance,":[52],"foster":[54],"creativity.":[55],"Therefore,":[56],"we":[57,126],"MindScratch,":[59],"a":[60,136],"multimodal":[61],"generative":[62],"AI":[63],"(GAI)-powered":[64],"visual":[65],"tool.":[68],"MindScratch":[69,105,133],"aims":[70],"balance":[72],"structured":[73],"activities":[75],"free":[77],"creation,":[79],"supporting":[80],"students":[81,109,135],"completing":[83],"creative":[84],"projects":[86,112],"based":[87],"on":[88],"teacher-set":[89],"objectives":[91],"while":[92],"also":[93,118],"providing":[94],"scaffolding.":[96],"The":[97],"results":[98],"indicate":[99],"that,":[100],"compared":[101],"baseline,":[104],"more":[106],"effectively":[107],"helps":[108],"achieve":[110],"high-quality":[111],"aligned":[113],"objectives.":[116],"It":[117],"enhances":[119],"students\u2019":[120],"thinking.":[124],"Overall,":[125],"believe":[127],"GAI-driven":[129],"educational":[130],"like":[132],"focused":[137],"engaging":[139],"experience.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}