{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388929169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929","title":"Walking into a Modern Painting: The Impacts of Using Virtual Reality on Student Learning Performance and Experiences in Art Appreciation","display_name":"Walking into a Modern Painting: The Impacts of Using Virtual Reality on Student Learning Performance and Experiences in Art Appreciation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388929169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062335764","display_name":"Yu-Tung Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Tung Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062335764","display_name":"Yu-Tung Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Tung Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050964573","display_name":"Esteban Garc\u00eda Bravo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5246-8818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esteban Garcia Bravo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University","Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091320948","display_name":"David Whittinghill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2011-7893"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44265643","display_name":"Rowan University","ror":"https://ror.org/049v69k10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Whittinghill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University","Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Graphics Technology, Purdue University","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44265643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046488851","display_name":"Yu-Chun Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-9798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chun Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046488851","display_name":"Yu-Chun Kuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7147-9798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38706770","display_name":"Guilin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z391397","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Chun Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Engineering Technology, North Carolina A&T State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Critical Literacy, Technology and Multilingual Education, Rowan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38706770"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046488851","https://openalex.org/A5062335764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872","https://openalex.org/I38706770"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1671,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92142022,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"23","first_page":"8180","last_page":"8201"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12650","display_name":"Aesthetic Perception and Analysis","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11462","display_name":"Museums and Cultural Heritage","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1209","display_name":"Museology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting","display_name":"Painting","score":0.9580177068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6360794305801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-arts","display_name":"Visual arts","score":0.5441393256187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5061551928520203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.47316843271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructivism","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","score":0.44928622245788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.421707421541214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aesthetics","display_name":"Aesthetics","score":0.33120909333229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.31923866271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.16865533590316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12363237142562866}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.9580177068710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6360794305801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.5441393256187439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5061551928520203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.47316843271255493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133281099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783023","display_name":"Constructivism (international relations)","level":4,"score":0.44928622245788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.421707421541214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.33120909333229065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.31923866271972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.16865533590316772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12363237142562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34355311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166542","display_name":"International relations","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2023.2278929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":216,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W55693900","https://openalex.org/W80170482","https://openalex.org/W132232344","https://openalex.org/W140051895","https://openalex.org/W200285909","https://openalex.org/W317576026","https://openalex.org/W331845848","https://openalex.org/W578608401","https://openalex.org/W583008523","https://openalex.org/W600280441","https://openalex.org/W1268311390","https://openalex.org/W1481891342","https://openalex.org/W1502423494","https://openalex.org/W1524395669","https://openalex.org/W1528045197","https://openalex.org/W1541634262","https://openalex.org/W1548478277","https://openalex.org/W1551856166","https://openalex.org/W1579289306","https://openalex.org/W1595067463","https://openalex.org/W1865258177","https://openalex.org/W1966450165","https://openalex.org/W1985149490","https://openalex.org/W1985269288","https://openalex.org/W1995026751","https://openalex.org/W1995648945","https://openalex.org/W1998048600","https://openalex.org/W2017131732","https://openalex.org/W2020235870","https://openalex.org/W2021530486","https://openalex.org/W2022638915","https://openalex.org/W2024452403","https://openalex.org/W2026998614","https://openalex.org/W2028753141","https://openalex.org/W2032425926","https://openalex.org/W2057290267","https://openalex.org/W2058867503","https://openalex.org/W2064083597","https://openalex.org/W2065920490","https://openalex.org/W2068391117","https://openalex.org/W2069393304","https://openalex.org/W2072795606","https://openalex.org/W2072896393","https://openalex.org/W2072910891","https://openalex.org/W2074936996","https://openalex.org/W2076482942","https://openalex.org/W2080777922","https://openalex.org/W2091922150","https://openalex.org/W2095806358","https://openalex.org/W2099176100","https://openalex.org/W2100071513","https://openalex.org/W2103065000","https://openalex.org/W2104439084","https://openalex.org/W2106396429","https://openalex.org/W2112523529","https://openalex.org/W2117571767","https://openalex.org/W2120414497","https://openalex.org/W2121256465","https://openalex.org/W2122517769","https://openalex.org/W2122884932","https://openalex.org/W2126784370","https://openalex.org/W2128850990","https://openalex.org/W2134652709","https://openalex.org/W2135034398","https://openalex.org/W2135964108","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2142557810","https://openalex.org/W2150454725","https://openalex.org/W2150840346","https://openalex.org/W2162020807","https://openalex.org/W2162072747","https://openalex.org/W2165765798","https://openalex.org/W2166852343","https://openalex.org/W2168107203","https://openalex.org/W2170899200","https://openalex.org/W2171805047","https://openalex.org/W2172146914","https://openalex.org/W2275676074","https://openalex.org/W2313981196","https://openalex.org/W2315586602","https://openalex.org/W2317644762","https://openalex.org/W2321926242","https://openalex.org/W2322609344","https://openalex.org/W2324699737","https://openalex.org/W2326986365","https://openalex.org/W2327037637","https://openalex.org/W2336472298","https://openalex.org/W2337874016","https://openalex.org/W2339384912","https://openalex.org/W2466233356","https://openalex.org/W2493426455","https://openalex.org/W2507785345","https://openalex.org/W2520684398","https://openalex.org/W2535942498","https://openalex.org/W2557108516","https://openalex.org/W2561892556","https://openalex.org/W2567675452","https://openalex.org/W2579904706","https://openalex.org/W2583334761","https://openalex.org/W2594825291","https://openalex.org/W2597049443","https://openalex.org/W2597443426","https://openalex.org/W2604690721","https://openalex.org/W2604707230","https://openalex.org/W2605897185","https://openalex.org/W2607861361","https://openalex.org/W2610591093","https://openalex.org/W2623772613","https://openalex.org/W2706550643","https://openalex.org/W2738549128","https://openalex.org/W2742776805","https://openalex.org/W2748124676","https://openalex.org/W2766535618","https://openalex.org/W2770934685","https://openalex.org/W2777517149","https://openalex.org/W2780930765","https://openalex.org/W2791831483","https://openalex.org/W2792133971","https://openalex.org/W2803488647","https://openalex.org/W2805499859","https://openalex.org/W2805985763","https://openalex.org/W2807500523","https://openalex.org/W2811306538","https://openalex.org/W2899645245","https://openalex.org/W2902587239","https://openalex.org/W2910069980","https://openalex.org/W2914690758","https://openalex.org/W2917828945","https://openalex.org/W2921332808","https://openalex.org/W2922196645","https://openalex.org/W2935844646","https://openalex.org/W2946304017","https://openalex.org/W2946305413","https://openalex.org/W2951738939","https://openalex.org/W2955556477","https://openalex.org/W2957460488","https://openalex.org/W2961148721","https://openalex.org/W2962509803","https://openalex.org/W2980693585","https://openalex.org/W2986692662","https://openalex.org/W2995065029","https://openalex.org/W2999685577","https://openalex.org/W3005716120","https://openalex.org/W3008073493","https://openalex.org/W3018547782","https://openalex.org/W3020594789","https://openalex.org/W3022409549","https://openalex.org/W3027168426","https://openalex.org/W3041285464","https://openalex.org/W3044291841","https://openalex.org/W3080093691","https://openalex.org/W3081407795","https://openalex.org/W3112216091","https://openalex.org/W3113023078","https://openalex.org/W3116253193","https://openalex.org/W3120127952","https://openalex.org/W3127290767","https://openalex.org/W3127700389","https://openalex.org/W3128103278","https://openalex.org/W3128271953","https://openalex.org/W3133193176","https://openalex.org/W3138464348","https://openalex.org/W3139517913","https://openalex.org/W3141804371","https://openalex.org/W3149081724","https://openalex.org/W3155266650","https://openalex.org/W3163036563","https://openalex.org/W3167337632","https://openalex.org/W3169848418","https://openalex.org/W3173580482","https://openalex.org/W3186436551","https://openalex.org/W3190203532","https://openalex.org/W3211812129","https://openalex.org/W4200082671","https://openalex.org/W4200298751","https://openalex.org/W4210973361","https://openalex.org/W4224100346","https://openalex.org/W4229977739","https://openalex.org/W4231450803","https://openalex.org/W4237254037","https://openalex.org/W4237690406","https://openalex.org/W4240360406","https://openalex.org/W4246611186","https://openalex.org/W4250512949","https://openalex.org/W4280578398","https://openalex.org/W4280620836","https://openalex.org/W4281710191","https://openalex.org/W4285587404","https://openalex.org/W4289857129","https://openalex.org/W4293794181","https://openalex.org/W4294219238","https://openalex.org/W4295947214","https://openalex.org/W4302363688","https://openalex.org/W4303183623","https://openalex.org/W4304893503","https://openalex.org/W4307706946","https://openalex.org/W4309891869","https://openalex.org/W4312856362","https://openalex.org/W4313472233","https://openalex.org/W4319080756","https://openalex.org/W4319982796","https://openalex.org/W4323074614","https://openalex.org/W4361207652","https://openalex.org/W4367052130","https://openalex.org/W4367680160","https://openalex.org/W4372348480","https://openalex.org/W4376472990","https://openalex.org/W4381891663","https://openalex.org/W4385715470","https://openalex.org/W6618266954","https://openalex.org/W6631597844","https://openalex.org/W6635743757","https://openalex.org/W6746758037","https://openalex.org/W6813588407","https://openalex.org/W6907655177","https://openalex.org/W7052210551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580687016","https://openalex.org/W2792467978","https://openalex.org/W2886265999","https://openalex.org/W2375742253","https://openalex.org/W2383951830","https://openalex.org/W1591565242","https://openalex.org/W78774802","https://openalex.org/W2369092230","https://openalex.org/W2243879380","https://openalex.org/W2381368832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,167],"study":[1,54,67,168],"reconstructed":[2],"a":[3,7,29,59],"modern":[4,45,83,190],"painting":[5,12,46,84,97,110,121,129,148,153,161],"into":[6,17,182],"fully-immersive":[8],"Virtual":[9],"Reality":[10],"(VR)":[11],"allowing":[13],"users":[14],"to":[15,34,75,79,143,150,170],"walk":[16],"the":[18,36,44,53,62,80,95,109,114,120,127,139,146,151,159,171,183],"painting's":[19],"3D":[20],"world":[21],"and":[22,25,69,88,111,123,134,192],"move":[23],"around,":[24],"employed":[26],"constructivism":[27],"with":[28],"model":[30],"of":[31,38,82,105,173,185],"art":[32,178],"appreciation":[33,85],"investigate":[35],"effects":[37,118],"applying":[39],"VR":[40,89,96,128,147,175,187],"techniques":[41],"in":[42,52,61,108,177,188],"appreciating":[43,189],"on":[47,102,119],"student":[48],"learning":[49,165],"outcomes.":[50],"Participants":[51],"included":[55],"60":[56],"undergraduates":[57],"from":[58],"university":[60],"midwestern":[63],"United":[64],"States.":[65],"Quasi-experimental":[66],"designs":[68],"quantitative":[70],"analysis":[71,122],"methods":[72],"were":[73],"adopted":[74],"analyze":[76],"students'":[77,103],"responses":[78],"activities":[81],"through":[86],"2D":[87,140,152,160],"paintings.":[90],"Results":[91],"indicated":[92],"that":[93],"using":[94,126,138,186],"had":[98,162],"significant":[99],"negative":[100],"impacts":[101],"performance":[104],"object":[106],"recognition":[107],"interpretations":[112],"towards":[113],"painting,":[115],"but":[116],"no":[117],"judgements.":[124],"Students":[125],"showed":[130],"significantly":[131,163],"higher":[132],"interest":[133],"enjoyment":[135],"than":[136],"those":[137,144],"painting.":[141],"Compared":[142],"viewing":[145],"prior":[149],"appreciation,":[154,179],"students":[155],"who":[156],"only":[157],"viewed":[158],"better":[164],"performance.":[166],"contributes":[169],"lack":[172],"empirical":[174],"research":[176],"offering":[180],"insights":[181],"application":[184],"paintings,":[191],"providing":[193],"recommendations":[194],"for":[195],"future":[196],"studies.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T13:12:06.581006","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}