{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157420162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","title":"A Usability Study of the Central-Bantu Multilingual Keyboards","display_name":"A Usability Study of the Central-Bantu Multilingual Keyboards","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157420162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","mag":"3157420162"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078672392","display_name":"Thokozani Chimkono","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-0995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157591606","display_name":"University of Malawi","ror":"https://ror.org/04vtx5s55","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thokozani Chimkono","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Technology, University of Malawi: The Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9970-0995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Technology, University of Malawi: The Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003209204","display_name":"Eunice Mphako-Banda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-7850"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunice Mphako-Banda","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Republic of South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8149-7850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Wits, Republic of South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084580547","display_name":"Amelia Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-8721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157591606","display_name":"University of Malawi","ror":"https://ror.org/04vtx5s55","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amelia Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Technology, University of Malawi: The Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-8721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Technology, University of Malawi: The Polytechnic, Blantyre, Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057300566","display_name":"Pascal J. Kishindo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-6293"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157591606","display_name":"University of Malawi","ror":"https://ror.org/04vtx5s55","country_code":"MW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}],"countries":["MW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Kishindo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-6293","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chancellor College, University of Malawi, Zomba, Malawi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078672392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157591606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2689,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53192272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"16","first_page":"1489","last_page":"1503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10470","display_name":"Usability and User Interface Design","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12481","display_name":"Digital Accessibility for Disabilities","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bantu-languages","display_name":"Bantu languages","score":0.9833997488021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.8412306308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6089874505996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.42867153882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.37365955114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.22599264979362488}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99878080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33146","display_name":"Bantu languages","level":2,"score":0.9833997488021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.8412306308746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6089874505996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.42867153882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.37365955114364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.22599264979362488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10447318.2021.1895530?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157420162.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157420162.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1551314768","https://openalex.org/W1590330054","https://openalex.org/W1964142874","https://openalex.org/W2000855205","https://openalex.org/W2004694131","https://openalex.org/W2006380619","https://openalex.org/W2037559973","https://openalex.org/W2060193300","https://openalex.org/W2084732540","https://openalex.org/W2101623580","https://openalex.org/W2103751734","https://openalex.org/W2123600867","https://openalex.org/W2125904902","https://openalex.org/W2131955678","https://openalex.org/W2139096448","https://openalex.org/W2159203809","https://openalex.org/W2260616500","https://openalex.org/W2478460294","https://openalex.org/W2752491485","https://openalex.org/W2801041698","https://openalex.org/W3133437545","https://openalex.org/W4205491507","https://openalex.org/W4214610776"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1523430623","https://openalex.org/W4234536530","https://openalex.org/W2266706110","https://openalex.org/W2021139052","https://openalex.org/W3085101883","https://openalex.org/W1159933001","https://openalex.org/W4291011401","https://openalex.org/W320934886","https://openalex.org/W4254870411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Central-Bantu":[0,33,58,65,188],"speakers":[1,34],"usually":[2],"use":[3],"the":[4,52,75,85,121,138,141,154,163,178,187],"predominant":[5],"QWERTY":[6,176],"keyboard":[7,90],"on":[8,43,74,84],"a":[9,64,79,103,167],"combination":[10],"of":[11,32,54,124,132,140],"some":[12],"local":[13,41],"and":[14,20,39,78,93,100,114,197],"European":[15],"languages,":[16],"such":[17],"as":[18],"Chichewa":[19,113,196],"English.":[21,115],"There":[22],"has":[23],"been":[24],"no":[25],"research":[26],"that":[27,50,67,120,131,186],"looks":[28],"into":[29],"usability":[30,53,117,201],"issues":[31],"typing":[35],"text":[36],"in":[37,40,160,169],"English":[38,99,125],"languages":[42],"QWERTY.":[44],"This":[45],"article":[46],"presents":[47],"our":[48],"experiments":[49,118],"assess":[51],"multilingual":[55],"keyboards":[56,146,189],"for":[57,97,102,112,194],"language":[59],"speakers.":[60],"We":[61],"first":[62],"obtained":[63],"layout":[66],"is":[68,126,135],"partially":[69],"optimized":[70,81,96],"from":[71,175],"QWERTY,":[72],"based":[73,83],"German-QWERTZ":[76],"keyboard,":[77],"highly":[80],"version":[82],"French-AZERTY":[86],"keyboard.":[87,180],"The":[88,116,144],"two":[89],"layouts":[91],"(Entry":[92],"advanced-level)":[94],"were":[95],"both":[98,195],"Chichewa,":[101,133],"two-finger":[104],"text-entry":[105,110,122,161],"mode.":[106],"Simulation":[107],"tests":[108,156,165],"measured":[109],"rates":[111,172],"show":[119,166,185],"rate":[123],"about":[127,151],"13%":[128],"higher":[129],"than":[130],"which":[134],"close":[136],"to":[137,150,177],"prediction":[139],"simulation":[142,155],"test.":[143],"Bantu":[145],"reduced":[147],"this":[148,182],"imbalance":[149],"4%.":[152],"While":[153],"predicted":[157],"an":[158],"increase":[159],"rate,":[162],"experimental":[164],"decrease":[168],"performance.":[170],"Typing-error":[171],"almost":[173],"double":[174],"Advanced-Bantu":[179],"In":[181],"study,":[183],"we":[184],"have":[190],"high":[191],"practical-performance":[192],"potential":[193],"English,":[198],"at":[199],"balanced":[200],"levels.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}