{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2370241462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","title":"Robust Eye-Based Dwell-Free Typing","display_name":"Robust Eye-Based Dwell-Free Typing","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2370241462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","mag":"2370241462"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/83395/1/Robust%20Eye-Based%20Dwell-Free%20Typing.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735585","display_name":"Yi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2765-1861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health and Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062087243","display_name":"Bu\u2010Sung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7828-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bu-Sung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021255536","display_name":"Martin J. McKeown","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4048-0817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109166","display_name":"Canadian Sport Centre Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/01vvmvv13","country_code":"CA","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109166"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin J. McKeown","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Pacific Parkinson\u2019s Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","Department of Medicine, Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pacific Parkinson\u2019s Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109166"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101735585"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6933,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89750742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"9","first_page":"682","last_page":"694"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.9775999784469604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-entry","display_name":"Text entry","score":0.8175673484802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7060701251029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dwell-time","display_name":"Dwell time","score":0.5976917743682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5548760890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.5023078918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.47846221923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.4716866612434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.4673391282558441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4540853798389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-messaging","display_name":"Text messaging","score":0.4519491195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/typing","display_name":"Typing","score":0.4511713683605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.27234894037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15310776233673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1502065658569336}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988504831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192366","display_name":"Text entry","level":2,"score":0.8175673484802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7060701251029968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151637689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5318064","display_name":"Dwell time","level":2,"score":0.5976917743682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5548760890960693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.5023078918457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.47846221923828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4716866612434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.4673391282558441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4540853798389435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018949938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17166101","display_name":"Text messaging","level":2,"score":0.4519491195678711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781209916","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3215756","display_name":"Typing","level":2,"score":0.4511713683605194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.27234894037246704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15310776233673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1502065658569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1186307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human\u2013Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/83395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/41434","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/83395/1/Robust%20Eye-Based%20Dwell-Free%20Typing.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/83395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/41434","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/83395/1/Robust%20Eye-Based%20Dwell-Free%20Typing.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2370241462.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2370241462.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43343621","https://openalex.org/W645399019","https://openalex.org/W1517003397","https://openalex.org/W1530689307","https://openalex.org/W1563141555","https://openalex.org/W1855869282","https://openalex.org/W1968423085","https://openalex.org/W1977266084","https://openalex.org/W1978336927","https://openalex.org/W1981544328","https://openalex.org/W1982186706","https://openalex.org/W1982794901","https://openalex.org/W1984681595","https://openalex.org/W1985270055","https://openalex.org/W1994626127","https://openalex.org/W2001496424","https://openalex.org/W2004496150","https://openalex.org/W2005872415","https://openalex.org/W2006151917","https://openalex.org/W2012241589","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2021256293","https://openalex.org/W2023287188","https://openalex.org/W2026551391","https://openalex.org/W2028819501","https://openalex.org/W2029661329","https://openalex.org/W2031781307","https://openalex.org/W2031853551","https://openalex.org/W2035675819","https://openalex.org/W2039547138","https://openalex.org/W2068869614","https://openalex.org/W2071063602","https://openalex.org/W2071436133","https://openalex.org/W2073845485","https://openalex.org/W2076963239","https://openalex.org/W2077379736","https://openalex.org/W2086090810","https://openalex.org/W2092052700","https://openalex.org/W2094481304","https://openalex.org/W2098550303","https://openalex.org/W2105749333","https://openalex.org/W2110228188","https://openalex.org/W2112731937","https://openalex.org/W2125096434","https://openalex.org/W2133495565","https://openalex.org/W2136195777","https://openalex.org/W2138571312","https://openalex.org/W2160951686","https://openalex.org/W2293900001","https://openalex.org/W2299807869","https://openalex.org/W2324103626","https://openalex.org/W2545747245","https://openalex.org/W3125878135","https://openalex.org/W3212967011","https://openalex.org/W4250550464"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1880689012","https://openalex.org/W2898247383","https://openalex.org/W2161294397","https://openalex.org/W2012644758","https://openalex.org/W2047559669","https://openalex.org/W4225393491","https://openalex.org/W1601247733","https://openalex.org/W2063699586","https://openalex.org/W1978351676","https://openalex.org/W1516900068"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"a":[1,75,100],"subset":[2],"of":[3,13,18,23,68],"physically":[4],"challenged":[5],"people,":[6],"assistive":[7],"technologies,":[8],"such":[9,65],"as":[10,66],"alternative":[11],"form":[12],"text":[14,24,40,62,126],"entry,":[15,41],"can":[16,57],"be":[17,46,58],"tremendous":[19],"benefit.":[20],"However,":[21],"speed":[22],"entry":[25,63,127],"with":[26],"current":[27],"methods":[28],"limits":[29],"their":[30],"more":[31,122],"widespread":[32],"adoption.":[33],"Eye":[34],"gaze":[35],"technologies":[36],"have":[37,53],"potential":[38],"for":[39,78],"but":[42,56],"still":[43],"tend":[44],"to":[45,60,86,94,124],"relatively":[47],"slow.":[48],"Recently":[49],"dwell-free":[50,133],"eye-typing":[51],"systems":[52],"been":[54],"proposed,":[55],"vulnerable":[59],"common":[61,125],"problems,":[64],"selection":[67],"the":[69,80,83,104],"wrong":[70],"letters.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"article,":[74],"recognition":[76],"approach":[77,117],"inferring":[79],"words":[81],"which":[82],"user":[84],"intends":[85],"type":[87],"is":[88,92,106],"proposed.":[89],"The":[90],"method":[91],"robust":[93],"missing":[95],"letters":[96],"and":[97,110,121],"even":[98],"when":[99],"neighboring":[101],"letter":[102],"on":[103],"keyboard":[105],"incorrectly":[107],"selected.":[108],"Simulation":[109],"experiment":[111],"results":[112],"suggest":[113],"that":[114],"our":[115],"proposed":[116,132],"has":[118],"better":[119],"accuracy":[120],"resilience":[123],"errors":[128],"than":[129],"other":[130],"currently":[131],"systems.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
