{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2222174245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","title":"A Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices: What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?","display_name":"A Review of Exploratory Factor Analysis Decisions and Overview of Current Practices: What We Are Doing and How Can We Improve?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2222174245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","mag":"2222174245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016698427","display_name":"Matt C. Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2893-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matt C. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016698427"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.6203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1174,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99480849,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"1","first_page":"51","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10068","display_name":"Technology Adoption and User Behaviour","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12515","display_name":"Gender and Technology in Education","score":0.9344000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploratory-factor-analysis","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","score":0.7592341303825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/checklist","display_name":"Checklist","score":0.6606307029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5662111043930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","score":0.5214152336120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/best-practice","display_name":"Best practice","score":0.45487838983535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4425271153450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-factor","display_name":"Impact factor","score":0.42117491364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.3863333463668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3860301971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.38123488426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychometrics","display_name":"Psychometrics","score":0.2076893448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.11183393001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.09476107358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08467942476272583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165957694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421350","display_name":"Exploratory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.7592341303825378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.6606307029724121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5662111043930054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5214152336120605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.45487838983535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4425271153450012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779455604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5330","display_name":"Impact factor","level":2,"score":0.42117491364479065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3863333463668823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3860301971435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.38123488426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.2076893448829651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11183393001556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.09476107358932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08467942476272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2015.1087664","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71172806","https://openalex.org/W584942340","https://openalex.org/W1484864026","https://openalex.org/W1533867010","https://openalex.org/W1553243973","https://openalex.org/W1736453158","https://openalex.org/W1969657955","https://openalex.org/W1970339110","https://openalex.org/W1976614809","https://openalex.org/W1977775666","https://openalex.org/W1982163214","https://openalex.org/W1982977873","https://openalex.org/W1982979344","https://openalex.org/W1984427281","https://openalex.org/W1990242148","https://openalex.org/W1997320786","https://openalex.org/W2007356270","https://openalex.org/W2014533626","https://openalex.org/W2023350458","https://openalex.org/W2025556099","https://openalex.org/W2030915370","https://openalex.org/W2034108143","https://openalex.org/W2035802188","https://openalex.org/W2040885827","https://openalex.org/W2041404177","https://openalex.org/W2041855769","https://openalex.org/W2041963641","https://openalex.org/W2042136832","https://openalex.org/W2046040625","https://openalex.org/W2051084073","https://openalex.org/W2056059446","https://openalex.org/W2065344587","https://openalex.org/W2066099647","https://openalex.org/W2066741390","https://openalex.org/W2082235071","https://openalex.org/W2088477804","https://openalex.org/W2090525906","https://openalex.org/W2092437977","https://openalex.org/W2096812562","https://openalex.org/W2097665571","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2121088085","https://openalex.org/W2122376319","https://openalex.org/W2123551813","https://openalex.org/W2124563089","https://openalex.org/W2135591149","https://openalex.org/W2139285440","https://openalex.org/W2139777890","https://openalex.org/W2146078492","https://openalex.org/W2147054742","https://openalex.org/W2147316766","https://openalex.org/W2159013703","https://openalex.org/W2160172778","https://openalex.org/W2160643014","https://openalex.org/W2504957731","https://openalex.org/W2517235140","https://openalex.org/W2795656446","https://openalex.org/W2800360743","https://openalex.org/W2896548965","https://openalex.org/W2897971917","https://openalex.org/W4250056430"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366844131","https://openalex.org/W3168487076","https://openalex.org/W3026084810","https://openalex.org/W1983508230","https://openalex.org/W2152487972","https://openalex.org/W2353508554","https://openalex.org/W3094117282","https://openalex.org/W2920445540","https://openalex.org/W3171174593","https://openalex.org/W1997919949"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Authors":[0],"within":[1,109],"the":[2,45,69,74,79,84,90,95,124,155,174,189,196],"fields":[3],"of":[4,33,141,191],"cyberpsychology":[5,111],"and":[6,16,19,40,58,88,153,181,204],"human\u2212computer":[7],"interaction":[8,114],"have":[9],"demonstrated":[10],"a":[11,178],"particular":[12],"interest":[13],"in":[14,105],"measurement":[15],"scale":[17],"creation,":[18],"exploratory":[20],"factor":[21,75,80,85,91,145,150,159],"analysis":[22],"(EFA)":[23],"is":[24],"an":[25],"extremely":[26],"important":[27],"statistical":[28,39],"method":[29],"for":[30,62,100,128,139,157],"these":[31,101,172,209],"areas":[32],"research.":[34],"Unfortunately,":[35],"EFA":[36,103,168],"requires":[37],"several":[38],"methodological":[41],"decisions":[42,57,66,104],"to":[43,187,208],"which":[44],"best":[46,63,126,193],"choices":[47,99],"are":[48,67],"often":[49],"unclear.":[50],"The":[51,116],"current":[52,175,197,202],"article":[53,96,108,176,198],"reviews":[54,97],"five":[55,102],"primary":[56],"provides":[59,177,205],"direct":[60,206],"suggestions":[61],"practices.":[64,194],"These":[65],"(a)":[68],"data":[70,138],"inspection":[71],"techniques,":[72],"(b)":[73],"analytic":[76,146],"method,":[77,82,87],"(c)":[78],"retention":[81,151],"(d)":[83],"rotation":[86,160],"(e)":[89],"loading":[92],"cutoff.":[93],"Then":[94],"authors'":[98],"every":[106],"relevant":[107],"seven":[110],"and/or":[112],"human\u2013computer":[113],"journals.":[115],"results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"that":[119,183],"authors":[120,133,164,184],"do":[121,134],"not":[122,135],"employ":[123],"recommended":[125,192],"practices":[127],"most":[129,132],"decisions.":[130,169],"Particularly,":[131],"inspect":[136],"their":[137,158,167],"violations":[140],"assumptions,":[142],"apply":[143],"inappropriate":[144],"methods,":[147,152],"utilize":[148],"outdated":[149],"omit":[154,165],"justification":[156],"methods.":[161],"Further,":[162],"many":[163],"altogether":[166],"To":[170],"rectify":[171],"concerns,":[173],"step-by-step":[179],"guide":[180],"checklist":[182],"can":[185],"reference":[186],"ensure":[188],"use":[190],"Together,":[195],"identifies":[199],"concerns":[200],"with":[201],"research":[203],"solutions":[207],"concerns.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":64},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":248},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":232},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":217},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":144},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":127},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}