{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021301069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","title":"Pilot Performance in Trajectory-Based Operations Under Concepts of Operation That Vary Separation Responsibility Across Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, and Automation","display_name":"Pilot Performance in Trajectory-Based Operations Under Concepts of Operation That Vary Separation Responsibility Across Pilots, Air Traffic Controllers, and Automation","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021301069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","mag":"2021301069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062147997","display_name":"Kim\u2010Phuong L. Vu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1823-1555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim-Phuong L. Vu","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Long Beach, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Long Beach, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108790865","display_name":"Thomas Z. Strybel","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59897056","display_name":"California State University, Long Beach","ror":"https://ror.org/0080fxk18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Z. Strybel","raw_affiliation_strings":["California State University, Long Beach, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California State University, Long Beach, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59897056"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005694153","display_name":"Vernol Battiste","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vernol Battiste","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044956792","display_name":"Joel Lachter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Lachter","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027868918","display_name":"Arik-Quang V. Dao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arik-Quang V. Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070260831","display_name":"Summer L. Brandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Summer Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040550928","display_name":"Sarah V. Ligda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Ligda","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University Foundation, San Jose, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112079677","display_name":"Walter W. Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280536761","display_name":"Ames Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02acart68","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761","https://openalex.org/I4210124779"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walter Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, USA,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280536761"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.402,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91580856,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"2","first_page":"107","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-control","display_name":"Air traffic control","score":0.8695651292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.8476730585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.7934644222259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.7729579210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/separation","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","score":0.6792551279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-traffic-management","display_name":"Air traffic management","score":0.6270017623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-airspace-system","display_name":"National Airspace System","score":0.5826014280319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5461248159408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.4915073812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-in-the-loop","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","score":0.4756326675415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47433584928512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4548443555831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.41653355956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.39935725927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39100098609924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.36216431856155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.2987005114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.17507663369178772}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166961238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221395","display_name":"Air traffic control","level":2,"score":0.8695651292800903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.8476730585098267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.7934644222259521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.7729579210281372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451805","display_name":"Separation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6792551279067993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776777543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361182","display_name":"Air traffic management","level":3,"score":0.6270017623901367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780722376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6970266","display_name":"National Airspace System","level":3,"score":0.5826014280319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5461248159408569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.4915073812007904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780626000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5936775","display_name":"Human-in-the-loop","level":2,"score":0.4756326675415039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47433584928512573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4548443555831909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.41653355956077576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.39935725927352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39100098609924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.36216431856155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2987005114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.17507663369178772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2012.634761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164976925","https://openalex.org/W207427489","https://openalex.org/W655293066","https://openalex.org/W1501648174","https://openalex.org/W1564285052","https://openalex.org/W1701700827","https://openalex.org/W1964968537","https://openalex.org/W2002894033","https://openalex.org/W2043515850","https://openalex.org/W2050516174","https://openalex.org/W2072457752","https://openalex.org/W2091984995","https://openalex.org/W2121207802","https://openalex.org/W2130398921","https://openalex.org/W2135746306","https://openalex.org/W2142746133","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2153713539","https://openalex.org/W2155830908","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2805579057","https://openalex.org/W2898719330","https://openalex.org/W2899429969","https://openalex.org/W3196681941","https://openalex.org/W4230585768","https://openalex.org/W4241219741"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135905813","https://openalex.org/W631350582","https://openalex.org/W1973192480","https://openalex.org/W2155329577","https://openalex.org/W2187123248","https://openalex.org/W1964433254","https://openalex.org/W2096436779","https://openalex.org/W155995248","https://openalex.org/W2057520623","https://openalex.org/W4214756353"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,67],"Next":[1],"Generation":[2],"Air":[3],"Transportation":[4],"System":[5],"(NextGen)":[6],"will":[7,19],"revolutionize":[8],"the":[9,15,75,113,121,146,168,181,185],"air":[10,84],"traffic":[11,85],"management":[12,104],"system":[13,139],"in":[14,27,152,156,176,179,195],"United":[16],"States.":[17],"NextGen":[18,63],"involve":[20],"human":[21,32,81],"operators":[22],"interacting":[23],"with":[24,72],"new":[25],"technologies":[26],"a":[28,38,47,107],"complex":[29],"system,":[30],"making":[31],"factors":[33],"and":[34,55,83,88,106,159],"human\u2013computer":[35],"interaction":[36],"considerations":[37],"major":[39],"concern.":[40],"present":[42],"study":[43],"reports":[44],"data":[45],"from":[46,132],"human-in-the-loop":[48],"simulation":[49],"that":[50,191],"evaluated":[51],"pilot":[52,143,162,171],"performance,":[53],"workload,":[54],"situation":[56,172],"awareness":[57,173],"under":[58],"one":[59],"of":[60,65,69,77,123],"three":[61,169],"plausible":[62],"concepts":[64,68],"operation.":[66],"operation":[70],"differed":[71],"respect":[73],"to":[74,93,97,202],"allocation":[76],"separation":[78,124,196],"responsibility":[79,122],"across":[80,167],"pilots":[82,182,193],"controllers":[86],"(ATCs),":[87],"automation.":[89],"Pilots":[90],"were":[91,118,183],"asked":[92],"employ":[94],"trajectory-based":[95],"operations":[96],"perform":[98],"weather":[99],"avoidance":[100],"maneuvers,":[101],"an":[102,133],"interval":[103],"task,":[105],"continuous":[108],"descent":[109],"approach.":[110],"Depending":[111],"on":[112,145,206],"concept":[114],"being":[115],"tested,":[116],"they":[117],"also":[119],"given":[120,184],"assurance":[125,197],"(Concept":[126,135,140],"1)":[127],"or":[128,137],"received":[129],"conflict":[130],"resolutions":[131],"ATC":[134],"2)":[136],"automated":[138],"3).":[141],"Overall,":[142],"performance":[144],"various":[147],"flight":[148],"tasks":[149,198],"was":[150,174],"worse":[151],"Concept":[153,177],"3":[154],"than":[155],"Concepts":[157],"1":[158],"2.":[160],"Although":[161],"workload":[163],"did":[164],"not":[165],"differ":[166],"concepts,":[170],"highest":[175],"1,":[178],"which":[180],"most":[186],"responsibilities.":[187],"These":[188],"findings":[189],"suggest":[190],"keeping":[192],"engaged":[194],"may":[199],"be":[200],"preferable":[201],"having":[203],"them":[204],"rely":[205],"automation":[207],"alone.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
