{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1978180999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310903498700","title":"Using the Decision-Ladder to Add a Formative Element to Naturalistic Decision-Making Research","display_name":"Using the Decision-Ladder to Add a Formative Element to Naturalistic Decision-Making Research","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1978180999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310903498700","mag":"1978180999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447310903498700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310903498700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103491275","display_name":"Daniel P. Jenkins","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143188","display_name":"Environmental Design Solutions Limited (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04a0tbx19","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143188"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. Jenkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               Sociotechnic Solutions Limited, Herts, UK","Sociotechnic Solutions Limited , Herts, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               Sociotechnic Solutions Limited, Herts, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143188"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sociotechnic Solutions Limited , Herts, UK","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004792776","display_name":"Neville A. Stanton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neville A. Stanton","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","University of Southampton"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090048784","display_name":"Paul M. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-0286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia","Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, AUSTRALIA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Monash University Accident Research Centre, Victoria, AUSTRALIA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001788144","display_name":"Guy H. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-1132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guy H. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","University of Southampton UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091291266","display_name":"Laura Rafferty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4095-0222"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Rafferty","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","University of Southampton"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               University of Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southampton","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103491275"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143188"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6259,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92531014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2-3","first_page":"132","last_page":"146"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11810","display_name":"Complex Systems and Decision Making","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12000","display_name":"Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications","score":0.9629999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9537000060081482,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formative-assessment","display_name":"Formative assessment","score":0.7170047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociotechnical-system","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","score":0.698826253414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5288152694702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.5186569094657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.4999523162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4998049736022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-engineering","display_name":"Decision engineering","score":0.49212783575057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4783715307712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.4711189270019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.4414089322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-cast","display_name":"R-CAST","score":0.41727590560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.41578397154808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-decision-mapping","display_name":"Business decision mapping","score":0.3937239646911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3627597391605377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3373510539531708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23646199703216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.14180368185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08794116973876953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.7170047163963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127627568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639361","display_name":"Sociotechnical system","level":2,"score":0.698826253414154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5288152694702148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.5186569094657898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.4999523162841797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4998049736022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135115379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2750514","display_name":"Decision engineering","level":4,"score":0.49212783575057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4783715307712555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4711189270019531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4414089322090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59719044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7273265","display_name":"R-CAST","level":4,"score":0.41727590560913086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41578397154808044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97944126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5001864","display_name":"Business decision mapping","level":3,"score":0.3937239646911621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3627597391605377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3373510539531708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23646199703216553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.14180368185043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08794116973876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10447310903498700","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10447310903498700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S165559636","display_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","issn_l":"1044-7318","issn":["1044-7318","1532-7590"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:186463","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/186463/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:usc:9373","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10447310903498700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401632","display_name":"USC Research Bank (University of the Sunshine Coast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","host_organization_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88070676","https://openalex.org/W109648756","https://openalex.org/W119520422","https://openalex.org/W261457809","https://openalex.org/W1516781620","https://openalex.org/W1543210409","https://openalex.org/W1550840327","https://openalex.org/W1576413680","https://openalex.org/W1664374833","https://openalex.org/W1973952807","https://openalex.org/W1994604246","https://openalex.org/W2067404458","https://openalex.org/W2073304817","https://openalex.org/W2095248526","https://openalex.org/W2169613734","https://openalex.org/W2322677917","https://openalex.org/W2332550897","https://openalex.org/W2800674973","https://openalex.org/W2811468451","https://openalex.org/W2890655397","https://openalex.org/W3007936147","https://openalex.org/W3015044535","https://openalex.org/W3150029850","https://openalex.org/W4212971527","https://openalex.org/W4242608241","https://openalex.org/W4300941668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W646492873","https://openalex.org/W2259218756","https://openalex.org/W1523254661","https://openalex.org/W2376574686","https://openalex.org/W4247612437","https://openalex.org/W76277348","https://openalex.org/W2990057900","https://openalex.org/W2557578560","https://openalex.org/W3101872407","https://openalex.org/W2588498958"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,119,132],"prototypical":[4],"model":[5],"of":[6,16,30,38,61,87],"how":[7],"decision":[8,62,125],"making":[9,126],"can":[10],"proceed":[11],"within":[12],"an":[13,24],"environment,":[14],"independent":[15],"situation":[17],"or":[18],"actor.":[19],"Based":[20],"upon":[21],"Rasmussen's":[22],"decision-ladder,":[23],"approach":[25,94,134],"for":[26],"capturing":[27],"formative":[28,121],"descriptions":[29],"existing":[31,101],"decision-making":[32,83,102],"processes":[33],"is":[34,42,96,114,135,138],"presented.":[35],"The":[36,65,77,93],"example":[37],"land-based":[39],"combat":[40],"identification":[41],"used":[43],"to":[44,53,99,115],"demonstrate":[45],"this":[46],"approach.":[47],"Two":[48],"new":[49],"representations":[50],"are":[51],"introduced":[52],"aid":[54],"domain":[55],"understanding":[56],"and":[57,75,130],"support":[58,63],"the":[59,68,82,91],"design":[60],"tools.":[64],"first":[66],"maps":[67],"links":[69],"between":[70],"information":[71],"elements,":[72],"system":[73],"states,":[74],"options.":[76],"second":[78],"clusters":[79],"elements":[80],"in":[81,85,90],"process":[84],"terms":[86],"their":[88],"location":[89],"world.":[92],"presented":[95,136],"not":[97],"intended":[98],"replace":[100],"analysis":[103],"techniques,":[104],"rather,":[105],"based":[106],"on":[107],"similar":[108],"data":[109],"collection":[110],"procedures,":[111],"its":[112],"aim":[113],"compliment":[116],"them":[117],"with":[118],"more":[120],"integrant.":[122],"By":[123],"considering":[124],"independently":[127],"from":[128],"actor":[129],"context,":[131],"flexible":[133],"that":[137],"applicable":[139],"complex":[140],"sociotechnical":[141],"systems.":[142]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}