{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408706763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","title":"Curbside management from MLS and HMLS point clouds to CityGML 3.0","display_name":"Curbside management from MLS and HMLS point clouds to CityGML 3.0","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408706763","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008334992","display_name":"Silvia Mar\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez-Collazo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-0856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Mar\u00eda Gonz\u00e1lez-Collazo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0381-0856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072591298","display_name":"Benedikt Schwab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-2538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedikt Schwab","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-2538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014205953","display_name":"Christof Beil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-2769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christof Beil","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6231-2769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035617766","display_name":"Thomas H. Kolbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-0423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas H. Kolbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1456-0423","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TUM School of Engineering and Design, Technical University of Munich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020500536","display_name":"Elena Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-2789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5855-2789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018450332","display_name":"Jes\u00fas Balado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jes\u00fas Balado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-3102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Vigo, GeoTECH Group","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008334992"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"apc_list":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"apc_paid":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"fwci":2.1564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85239683,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"6","first_page":"3110","last_page":"3132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10757","display_name":"Geographic Information Systems Studies","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/citygml","display_name":"CityGML","score":0.6796539425849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4167676866054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.398857980966568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10261991620063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.0983821451663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.06696650385856628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093900","display_name":"CityGML","level":3,"score":0.6796539425849915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4167676866054535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.398857980966568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10261991620063782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0983821451663971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.06696650385856628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a6c8173976574c498e3aae1298592c04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a6c8173976574c498e3aae1298592c04","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science, Vol 28, Iss 6, Pp 3110-3132 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1774932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1774932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.investigo.biblioteca.uvigo.es:11093/11957","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11093/11957","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196408","display_name":"Investigo Institutional repository of UVigo (Universidade de Vigo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","host_organization_name":"Universidade de Vigo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2025.2454522?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":53,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1828083378","https://openalex.org/W1986522259","https://openalex.org/W2015357652","https://openalex.org/W2046560804","https://openalex.org/W2114119364","https://openalex.org/W2147357829","https://openalex.org/W2246877770","https://openalex.org/W2283413936","https://openalex.org/W2348385415","https://openalex.org/W2664032461","https://openalex.org/W2756026961","https://openalex.org/W2771339660","https://openalex.org/W2803283627","https://openalex.org/W2806377715","https://openalex.org/W2890885655","https://openalex.org/W2902218628","https://openalex.org/W2947581056","https://openalex.org/W2955719699","https://openalex.org/W2955858090","https://openalex.org/W2961619217","https://openalex.org/W2963706542","https://openalex.org/W2966702270","https://openalex.org/W2979751309","https://openalex.org/W3007908608","https://openalex.org/W3011788244","https://openalex.org/W3034442687","https://openalex.org/W3047478335","https://openalex.org/W3083065746","https://openalex.org/W3084227936","https://openalex.org/W3092711511","https://openalex.org/W3092779648","https://openalex.org/W3106390235","https://openalex.org/W3112678313","https://openalex.org/W3136610752","https://openalex.org/W3177239172","https://openalex.org/W3183179478","https://openalex.org/W3198402969","https://openalex.org/W3215896291","https://openalex.org/W3217056155","https://openalex.org/W4206965421","https://openalex.org/W4293147545","https://openalex.org/W4306167316","https://openalex.org/W4306250651","https://openalex.org/W4310928758","https://openalex.org/W4319455265","https://openalex.org/W4377090023","https://openalex.org/W4378189907","https://openalex.org/W4379184367","https://openalex.org/W4381430959","https://openalex.org/W4387261672","https://openalex.org/W4389657882","https://openalex.org/W4399762628","https://openalex.org/W6969716311"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3091198297","https://openalex.org/W1983691250","https://openalex.org/W3083303282","https://openalex.org/W2725759460","https://openalex.org/W2890311788","https://openalex.org/W2770972094","https://openalex.org/W2810695915"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1],"of":[2,12,39,68,111,139,147,159],"significant":[3],"importance":[4],"to":[5,19,28,120,143,172],"ensure":[6],"the":[7,37,65,88,98,125,145,148,160,173],"secure":[8],"and":[9,15,44,50,84,135,169],"efficient":[10],"movement":[11],"both":[13,42],"pedestrians":[14,43],"vehicles":[16],"in":[17,95,113,118,162],"order":[18],"develop":[20],"an":[21,108,129,136],"accessible":[22],"urban":[23],"environment.":[24],"This":[25,150],"research":[26],"aims":[27],"generate":[29],"a":[30,154],"CityGML":[31,102,163],"model":[32,158],"from":[33,58,164],"point":[34,56,89,165],"clouds,":[35,166],"considering":[36],"use":[38],"curbsides":[40],"by":[41,77],"vehicles.":[45],"Mobile":[46,52],"Laser":[47,53],"Scanning":[48,54],"(MLS)":[49],"Handheld":[51],"(HMLS)":[55],"clouds":[57,90],"three":[59],"different":[60],"cities":[61],"were":[62,91],"employed":[63],"for":[64,73,93],"automatic":[66],"classification":[67],"curbside":[69,116,161],"areas,":[70],"including":[71],"parking":[72,76,79],"various":[74],"users,":[75],"time,":[78],"entrances,":[80],"garbage":[81],"bin":[82],"spaces,":[83],"terrace":[85],"areas.":[86],"Subsequently,":[87],"processed":[92],"modeling":[94],"accordance":[96],"with":[97],"international":[99],"OGC":[100],"standard,":[101],"version":[103],"3.0.":[104],"The":[105],"findings":[106],"demonstrate":[107],"overall":[109],"accuracy":[110],"0.86":[112],"correctly":[114],"classifying":[115],"elements":[117],"comparison":[119],"ground":[121],"truth":[122],"data.":[123,174],"Furthermore,":[124],"point-to-point":[126],"analysis":[127],"indicated":[128],"F1-score":[130],"exceeding":[131],"0.8":[132],"across":[133],"categories":[134],"IoU":[137],"mean":[138],"0.8,":[140],"which":[141],"serves":[142],"underscore":[144],"effectiveness":[146],"method.":[149],"approach":[151],"directly":[152],"generates":[153],"semantic":[155],"3D":[156],"streetspace":[157],"ensuring":[167],"standardized":[168],"interoperable":[170],"access":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-15T08:34:33.830935","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}