{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403515659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","title":"Data-driven machine learning approaches for precise lithofacies identification in complex geological environments","display_name":"Data-driven machine learning approaches for precise lithofacies identification in complex geological environments","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403515659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028272884","display_name":"Muhammad Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-1117"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140379","display_name":"Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics","ror":"https://ror.org/0366c6s65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210140379"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China","Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140379"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011129389","display_name":"Peimin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1613-9261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peimin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009717125","display_name":"Huolin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1406-2870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ma Huolin","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101800295","display_name":"Ren Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6750-2297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130541836","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/025s55q11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130541836"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210112595","display_name":"Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development","ror":"https://ror.org/02awe6g05","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210112595","https://openalex.org/I98227222"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ren Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Petro China Company Limited","Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Petro China Company Limited","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130541836"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Petro China Company Limited, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210112595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002976886","display_name":"Hao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-3489"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027797037","display_name":"Umar Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2402-3605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umar Ashraf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan University","School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045498018","display_name":"Wakeel Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3582-3612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3124059619","display_name":"China University of Geosciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcegc37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wakeel Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["China University of Geosciences","Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China University of Geosciences","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Geophysics & Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011129389"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3124059619"],"apc_list":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"apc_paid":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"fwci":5.5471,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96435793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"1722","last_page":"1742"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10399","display_name":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10271","display_name":"Seismic Imaging and Inversion Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6395292282104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.4614620804786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4310239553451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3883260190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3878660202026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.3294096291065216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6395292282104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.4614620804786682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4310239553451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3883260190486908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3878660202026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3294096291065216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:561d8c4f26b34c2fae8aa4597268f9f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/561d8c4f26b34c2fae8aa4597268f9f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science, Vol 28, Iss 4, Pp 1722-1742 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2024.2405635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2685344788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72243011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6162433538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41774145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179029813","https://openalex.org/W1022826494","https://openalex.org/W1546702973","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1993192109","https://openalex.org/W2001079303","https://openalex.org/W2006796903","https://openalex.org/W2015265462","https://openalex.org/W2040018379","https://openalex.org/W2065581761","https://openalex.org/W2081934888","https://openalex.org/W2104167064","https://openalex.org/W2119479037","https://openalex.org/W2137893246","https://openalex.org/W2140430559","https://openalex.org/W2147152564","https://openalex.org/W2161960613","https://openalex.org/W2285788534","https://openalex.org/W2390764307","https://openalex.org/W2401960364","https://openalex.org/W2557120750","https://openalex.org/W2558131621","https://openalex.org/W2574035532","https://openalex.org/W2611743072","https://openalex.org/W2626919680","https://openalex.org/W2763375355","https://openalex.org/W2766201190","https://openalex.org/W2800878814","https://openalex.org/W2807735381","https://openalex.org/W2810646957","https://openalex.org/W2898954299","https://openalex.org/W2906252920","https://openalex.org/W2918441502","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2920910666","https://openalex.org/W2936504543","https://openalex.org/W2989419225","https://openalex.org/W2990734113","https://openalex.org/W3017713704","https://openalex.org/W3032898152","https://openalex.org/W3033230555","https://openalex.org/W3045247026","https://openalex.org/W3084008366","https://openalex.org/W3085605123","https://openalex.org/W3085848884","https://openalex.org/W3090659357","https://openalex.org/W3094354813","https://openalex.org/W3134292143","https://openalex.org/W3135570121","https://openalex.org/W3135997696","https://openalex.org/W3169976860","https://openalex.org/W3170930541","https://openalex.org/W3170990274","https://openalex.org/W3184149319","https://openalex.org/W3185849487","https://openalex.org/W3197129675","https://openalex.org/W3197379336","https://openalex.org/W4214856619","https://openalex.org/W4214894323","https://openalex.org/W4229454371","https://openalex.org/W4280624995","https://openalex.org/W4283214869","https://openalex.org/W4289080359","https://openalex.org/W4291238211","https://openalex.org/W4306411738","https://openalex.org/W4317434823","https://openalex.org/W4322768901","https://openalex.org/W4381470847","https://openalex.org/W4384132158","https://openalex.org/W4386898604","https://openalex.org/W4387212053","https://openalex.org/W4392547306","https://openalex.org/W4396887129","https://openalex.org/W4398785219","https://openalex.org/W6675049101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3046775127","https://openalex.org/W3107602296","https://openalex.org/W4394896187","https://openalex.org/W3170094116","https://openalex.org/W4386462264","https://openalex.org/W4364306694","https://openalex.org/W4312192474","https://openalex.org/W4283697347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reservoir":[0],"characterization":[1,295],"is":[2,129,137,181],"a":[3,21,46,122],"vital":[4],"task":[5],"within":[6,105,156],"the":[7,13,39,106,111,130,146,157,178,184,187,198,202,214,223,228,249,255,270,290,297],"oil":[8],"and":[9,78,151,166,210,237,257,275],"gas":[10],"industry,":[11],"with":[12,34,52,93,121,161,252],"identification":[14,29,155,174,204,236,281],"of":[15,24,110,125,149,175,186,205,226,259,272,293],"lithofacies":[16,28,104,154,176,206,235,280],"in":[17,30,43,91,102,119,153,239,248,282,296],"subsurface":[18,294],"formations":[19,284],"being":[20],"fundamental":[22],"aspect":[23],"this":[25,57,267],"process.":[26],"However,":[27],"complex":[31,240],"geological":[32,159,241],"environments":[33],"high":[35],"dimensions,":[36],"such":[37],"as":[38],"Lower":[40,107],"Indus":[41,113],"Basin":[42],"Pakistan,":[44],"poses":[45],"notable":[47],"challenge,":[48],"especially":[49],"when":[50],"dealing":[51],"limited":[53,123],"data.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"issue,":[58],"we":[59],"propose":[60],"four":[61],"common":[62],"data-driven":[63],"machine":[64,230],"learning":[65,231],"approaches:":[66],"multi-resolution":[67],"graph-based":[68],"clustering":[69],"(MRGC),":[70],"artificial":[71],"neural":[72],"networks":[73],"(ANN),":[74],"K-nearest":[75],"neighbors":[76],"(KNN),":[77],"self-organizing":[79],"map":[80],"(SOM).":[81],"We":[82],"utilized":[83],"these":[84],"proposed":[85],"approaches":[86],"to":[87],"assess":[88],"their":[89,100],"performance":[90,148],"scenarios":[92,120],"varying":[94],"core":[95,126],"sample":[96],"availability,":[97],"specifically":[98],"evaluating":[99],"effectiveness":[101],"identifying":[103],"Goru":[108],"formation":[109],"middle":[112],"Basin.":[114],"The":[115,143,172,243],"study":[116,221,286],"reveals":[117],"that":[118],"number":[124],"samples,":[127],"MRGC":[128,136,150],"preferred":[131],"choice,":[132],"while":[133],"KNN":[134,152],"or":[135,285],"more":[138],"suitable":[139],"for":[140,192,233,278],"larger":[141],"datasets.":[142],"results":[144,196],"demonstrate":[145],"superior":[147],"specified":[158],"environment,":[160],"SOM":[162],"following":[163],"closely":[164],"behind,":[165],"ANN":[167],"exhibiting":[168],"comparatively":[169],"lower":[170],"efficacy.":[171],"accurate":[173],"from":[177,207,213],"selected":[179],"model":[180,203],"complemented":[182],"by":[183],"application":[185],"truncated":[188,215],"Gaussian":[189,216],"simulation":[190,217],"method":[191,276],"facies":[193],"modeling.":[194],"Comparative":[195],"confirm":[197],"excellent":[199],"agreement":[200],"between":[201],"well":[208],"logs":[209],"electro-facies":[211,218],"obtained":[212],"volume.":[219],"This":[220],"highlights":[222],"crucial":[224],"role":[225],"selecting":[227],"right":[229],"approach":[232],"precise":[234],"modeling":[238],"environments.":[242],"comparative":[244],"analysis":[245],"provides":[246],"practitioners":[247],"petroleum":[250,298],"industry":[251],"insights":[253],"into":[254],"strengths":[256],"limitations":[258],"each":[260],"method,":[261],"enhancing":[262],"existing":[263],"knowledge.":[264],"In":[265],"conclusion,":[266],"research":[268,274],"emphasizes":[269],"significance":[271],"comprehensive":[273],"selection":[277],"advancing":[279],"diverse":[283],"areas,":[287],"ultimately":[288],"benefiting":[289],"broader":[291],"field":[292],"industry.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-31T07:56:22.981413","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}