{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389743035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","title":"Remote sensing image super-resolution via cross-scale hierarchical transformer","display_name":"Remote sensing image super-resolution via cross-scale hierarchical transformer","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389743035","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080415474","display_name":"Yi Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-8917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047576305","display_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7140-2224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiangqiang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100618249","display_name":"Jiang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-8395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geodesy and Geomatics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100673818","display_name":"Liangpei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6890-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangpei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying, Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728","https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047576305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"apc_paid":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"fwci":2.2867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90466616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"1914","last_page":"1930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6797807812690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.624143660068512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5382504463195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49131670594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4430021643638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-correlation","display_name":"Cross-correlation","score":0.424355149269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grasp","display_name":"GRASP","score":0.42043066024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.40117016434669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38550570607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.37230706214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32864707708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2864757776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.15745794773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14706653356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12775173783302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.08242827653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08233800530433655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6797807812690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.624143660068512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5382504463195801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49131670594215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4430021643638611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163018871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1302587","display_name":"Cross-correlation","level":2,"score":0.424355149269104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.42043066024780273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40117016434669495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38550570607185364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.37230706214904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32864707708358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2864757776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.15745794773101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14706653356552124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12775173783302307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.08242827653884888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08233800530433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0354713349d64c2bb6891e4128117ced","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0354713349d64c2bb6891e4128117ced","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science, Vol 27, Iss 6, Pp 1914-1930 (2024)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2288179","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5299135074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42230108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":82,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1885185971","https://openalex.org/W2016980974","https://openalex.org/W2028790650","https://openalex.org/W2097074225","https://openalex.org/W2102166818","https://openalex.org/W2150081556","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2476548250","https://openalex.org/W2515866431","https://openalex.org/W2560755969","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2755992512","https://openalex.org/W2767850900","https://openalex.org/W2866634454","https://openalex.org/W2891158090","https://openalex.org/W2898832590","https://openalex.org/W2927933146","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2992240579","https://openalex.org/W2997019934","https://openalex.org/W3005521100","https://openalex.org/W3032400974","https://openalex.org/W3032940603","https://openalex.org/W3035022492","https://openalex.org/W3046108465","https://openalex.org/W3085051361","https://openalex.org/W3096739052","https://openalex.org/W3104899156","https://openalex.org/W3105577662","https://openalex.org/W3130282602","https://openalex.org/W3153239544","https://openalex.org/W3174531399","https://openalex.org/W3180712890","https://openalex.org/W3193296307","https://openalex.org/W3197086755","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W4206433182","https://openalex.org/W4213200979","https://openalex.org/W4213452156","https://openalex.org/W4214602694","https://openalex.org/W4226219071","https://openalex.org/W4281790783","https://openalex.org/W4283450732","https://openalex.org/W4283776488","https://openalex.org/W4285411567","https://openalex.org/W4287020683","https://openalex.org/W4289950756","https://openalex.org/W4293192716","https://openalex.org/W4294295598","https://openalex.org/W4304481541","https://openalex.org/W4307488635","https://openalex.org/W4312617484","https://openalex.org/W4312984702","https://openalex.org/W4313029572","https://openalex.org/W4313506322","https://openalex.org/W4317528595","https://openalex.org/W4319793878","https://openalex.org/W4320177228","https://openalex.org/W4322768901","https://openalex.org/W4323929084","https://openalex.org/W4324368806","https://openalex.org/W4362653113","https://openalex.org/W4362672456","https://openalex.org/W4366753174","https://openalex.org/W4378194596","https://openalex.org/W4379528713","https://openalex.org/W4379984088","https://openalex.org/W4380763457","https://openalex.org/W4382876728","https://openalex.org/W4382998731","https://openalex.org/W4383752898","https://openalex.org/W4383875567","https://openalex.org/W4386083034","https://openalex.org/W4386272912","https://openalex.org/W4386453635","https://openalex.org/W4386784430","https://openalex.org/W4387448964","https://openalex.org/W4388093330","https://openalex.org/W4388506784","https://openalex.org/W4390872849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163296013","https://openalex.org/W2743859443","https://openalex.org/W2326995835","https://openalex.org/W165915117","https://openalex.org/W2059402478","https://openalex.org/W2123347777","https://openalex.org/W4387804363","https://openalex.org/W2019547100","https://openalex.org/W2477150073","https://openalex.org/W2515493494"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"and":[1,33,55,62,89,147,159,187,203],"local":[2,34,54,90],"modeling":[3],"is":[4,42,140],"essential":[5],"for":[6,229],"image":[7,91],"super-resolution":[8],"tasks.":[9],"However,":[10],"current":[11],"efforts":[12],"often":[13],"lack":[14],"explicit":[15],"consideration":[16],"of":[17,39,68,77,198,219,231],"the":[18,53,87,96,108,132,164,196,213],"cross-scale":[19,73,97,119,133,173],"knowledge":[20],"in":[21,27,31,58,175,200,217],"large-scale":[22],"earth":[23],"observation":[24],"scenarios,":[25],"resulting":[26],"suboptimal":[28],"single-scale":[29],"representations":[30,174],"global":[32,56,88,109,124],"modeling.":[35],"The":[36],"key":[37],"motivation":[38],"this":[40,79],"work":[41],"inspired":[43],"by":[44,93,155,221],"two":[45],"observations:":[46],"1)":[47],"There":[48],"exists":[49],"hierarchical":[50],"features":[51,144],"at":[52],"regions":[57],"remote":[59,176,191,205],"sensing":[60,177,192,206],"images,":[61,178],"2)":[63],"they":[64],"exhibit":[65],"scale":[66],"variation":[67],"similar":[69],"ground":[70],"objects":[71],"(e.g.":[72],"similarity).":[74],"In":[75,208],"light":[76],"these,":[78],"paper":[80],"presents":[81],"an":[82,113,151],"effective":[83],"method":[84],"to":[85,106,117,180],"grasp":[86],"hierarchies":[92],"systematically":[94],"exploring":[95,123],"correlation.":[98],"Specifically,":[99],"we":[100],"developed":[101],"a":[102,135,181],"Cross-scale":[103,136,166],"Self-Attention":[104],"(CSA)":[105],"model":[107],"features,":[110],"which":[111],"introduces":[112],"auxiliary":[114],"token":[115,128],"space":[116],"calculate":[118],"self-attention":[120],"matrices,":[121],"thus":[122],"dependency":[125],"from":[126],"diverse":[127],"scales.":[129],"To":[130],"extract":[131],"localities,":[134],"Channel":[137],"Attention":[138],"(CCA)":[139],"devised,":[141],"where":[142],"multi-scale":[143],"are":[145],"explored":[146],"progressively":[148],"incorporated":[149],"into":[150,161],"enriched":[152],"feature.":[153],"Moreover,":[154],"hierarchically":[156],"deploying":[157],"CSA":[158],"CCA":[160],"transformer":[162],"groups,":[163],"proposed":[165],"Hierarchical":[167],"Transformer":[168],"(CHT)":[169],"can":[170],"effectively":[171],"explore":[172],"leading":[179],"favorable":[182],"reconstruction":[183],"performance.":[184],"Comprehensive":[185],"experiments":[186],"analysis":[188],"on":[189,224],"four":[190],"datasets":[193],"have":[194],"demonstrated":[195],"superiority":[197],"CHT":[199,211],"both":[201],"simulated":[202],"real-world":[204],"scenes.":[207],"particular,":[209],"our":[210],"outperforms":[212],"state-of-the-art":[214],"approach":[215],"(TransENet)":[216],"terms":[218],"PSNR":[220],"0.11":[222],"dB":[223],"average,":[225],"but":[226],"only":[227],"accounts":[228],"54.8%":[230],"its":[232],"parameters.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-01T17:29:45.350535","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}