{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385491617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","title":"Ground penetrating radar applied to subsurface culverts","display_name":"Ground penetrating radar applied to subsurface culverts","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-08-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385491617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758?needAccess=true&role=button","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017908521","display_name":"Xianghuan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-6449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tess Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5320-6449","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urban Informatics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110609450","display_name":"Song Chun Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Song Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092582961","display_name":"Yiliminuer Yikeremu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiliminuer Yikeremu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051616840","display_name":"Jiasong Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6177-3363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiasong Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Research Institute of Urban Smart Transportation and Safety Maintenance, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Urban Smart Transportation and Safety Maintenance, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054109049","display_name":"J.L. van Genderen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94624287","display_name":"University of Twente","ror":"https://ror.org/006hf6230","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John van Genderen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8900-4774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94624287"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051616840"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"],"apc_list":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"apc_paid":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"fwci":1.1453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76371107,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"6","first_page":"2092","last_page":"2108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11757","display_name":"Seismic Waves and Analysis","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-penetrating-radar","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","score":0.9699334502220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culvert","display_name":"Culvert","score":0.9549493789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geotechnical-engineering","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","score":0.5157864093780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4283186197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excavation","display_name":"Excavation","score":0.42576587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3931208550930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3924914598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.32063183188438416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71813955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q503560","display_name":"Ground-penetrating radar","level":3,"score":0.9699334502220154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123700513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4168092","display_name":"Culvert","level":2,"score":0.9549493789672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5157864093780518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4283186197280884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31858485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959782","display_name":"Excavation","level":2,"score":0.42576587200164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3931208550930023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3924914598464966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.32063183188438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire_cris_publications/058a21e4-ffbe-4c7a-999c-6762c3d53200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/058a21e4-ffbe-4c7a-999c-6762c3d53200","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Luo, T, Zhu, S, Yikeremu, Y, Zhu, J & Genderen, J V 2024, 'Ground penetrating radar applied to subsurface culverts', Geo-spatial information science, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2092-2108. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7bfdac5b0d9a43bb83281ebac437d0e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7bfdac5b0d9a43bb83281ebac437d0e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science, Vol 27, Iss 6, Pp 2092-2108 (2024)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ris.utwente.nl:openaire/058a21e4-ffbe-4c7a-999c-6762c3d53200","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.utwente.nl/files/419266130/Ground_penetrating_radar_applied_to_subsurface_culverts.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922991","display_name":"University of Twente Research Information","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Luo, T, Zhu, S, Yikeremu, Y, Zhu, J & Genderen, J V 2024, 'Ground penetrating radar applied to subsurface culverts', Geo-spatial information science, vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2092-2108. https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2023.2238758?needAccess=true&role=button","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3870443135","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42204148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8856328267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220810173255002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385491617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4385491617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596928057","https://openalex.org/W1576534100","https://openalex.org/W1593908785","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1869316165","https://openalex.org/W1962481471","https://openalex.org/W1991005508","https://openalex.org/W1998742682","https://openalex.org/W2013482856","https://openalex.org/W2041228052","https://openalex.org/W2084575378","https://openalex.org/W2085061837","https://openalex.org/W2095783795","https://openalex.org/W2108365241","https://openalex.org/W2126751256","https://openalex.org/W2128221555","https://openalex.org/W2211617017","https://openalex.org/W2213719542","https://openalex.org/W2400808542","https://openalex.org/W2508807392","https://openalex.org/W2715831533","https://openalex.org/W2782778811","https://openalex.org/W2802940197","https://openalex.org/W2811349408","https://openalex.org/W2893619199","https://openalex.org/W2902950425","https://openalex.org/W2913522699","https://openalex.org/W2938035085","https://openalex.org/W2939828025","https://openalex.org/W2948101590","https://openalex.org/W2998984398","https://openalex.org/W3027089412","https://openalex.org/W4223423356","https://openalex.org/W4285310221","https://openalex.org/W4307123709","https://openalex.org/W4310675648","https://openalex.org/W6617860126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2323104642","https://openalex.org/W2392562650","https://openalex.org/W2375730282","https://openalex.org/W620448380","https://openalex.org/W2363547981","https://openalex.org/W2388864962","https://openalex.org/W2913423275","https://openalex.org/W2388258746","https://openalex.org/W2998397857","https://openalex.org/W1990460702"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,153],"failures":[1],"of":[2,62,98,113,121],"culverts":[3,24,79,133],"can":[4,161,185],"result":[5],"in":[6,11],"water":[7,195],"and":[8,27,39,116,124,136,142,148,174,191],"soil":[9,92,107],"loss":[10],"the":[12,58,96,102,110,119,122,139,158,179,194],"surrounding":[13],"subsurface,":[14],"leading":[15],"to":[16,48,127],"collapses.":[17],"In":[18],"densely":[19],"constructed":[20],"urban":[21],"areas,":[22],"buried":[23],"are":[25],"inaccessible":[26],"invisible,":[28],"making":[29],"Ground":[30],"Penetrating":[31],"Radar":[32],"(GPR)":[33],"inspection":[34],"a":[35,67,73],"widely":[36],"adopted":[37],"nondestructive":[38],"efficient":[40],"method.":[41],"Previous":[42],"research":[43],"has":[44],"employed":[45],"artificial":[46],"intelligence":[47],"automate":[49],"GPR":[50,60,82,99,114,171,188],"interpretation":[51],"by":[52,94,150,177],"identifying":[53],"special":[54],"radargram":[55],"textures,":[56],"but":[57],"irregular":[59],"responses":[61,100],"degraded":[63],"subsurface":[64],"soils":[65,126],"present":[66],"challenge.":[68],"Therefore,":[69],"this":[70,183],"study":[71,184],"proposes":[72],"method":[74,86,160],"for":[75,165],"preliminary":[76],"diagnosing":[77],"large-scale":[78,187],"based":[80],"on":[81],"wave":[83],"attributes.":[84],"comprises":[87],"three":[88,143],"parts:":[89],"(1)":[90],"evaluating":[91],"compactness":[93],"estimating":[95],"tortuosity":[97],"at":[101],"culvert":[103,189],"top;":[104],"(2)":[105],"investigating":[106],"moisture":[108],"using":[109,138],"attenuation":[111],"rate":[112],"responses;":[115],"(3)":[117],"overlaying":[118],"results":[120],"incompact":[123],"moist":[125],"pinpoint":[128],"potential":[129],"degradations.":[130],"Two":[131],"long-distance":[132],"were":[134,146],"inspected":[135],"diagnosed":[137],"proposed":[140,159],"method,":[141],"abnormal":[144],"sections":[145],"identified":[147],"confirmed":[149],"excavation":[151],"evaluation.":[152],"case":[154],"studies":[155],"indicate":[156],"that":[157],"quickly":[162],"provide":[163],"reference":[164],"further":[166,192],"in-depth":[167],"investigation,":[168],"thereby":[169],"improving":[170],"survey":[172],"efficiency":[173],"reducing":[175],"workload":[176],"narrowing":[178],"investigation":[180],"scope.":[181],"Consequently,":[182],"facilitate":[186],"surveys":[190],"safeguard":[193],"system.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}