{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3204545281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","title":"An internal-external optimized convolutional neural network for arbitrary orientated object detection from optical remote sensing images","display_name":"An internal-external optimized convolutional neural network for arbitrary orientated object detection from optical remote sensing images","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3204545281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","mag":"3204545281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101615881","display_name":"Sihang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4705-2882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sihang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4705-2882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070629154","display_name":"Zhenfeng Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-6826"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenfeng Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4587-6826","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060706069","display_name":"Xiao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-382X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4323-382X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020680418","display_name":"Linze Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-5630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linze Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-5630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100631345","display_name":"Jiaming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-5842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8144-5842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101615881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"],"apc_list":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"apc_paid":{"value":1625,"currency":"GBP","value_usd":1993},"fwci":1.0845,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77059761,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"654","last_page":"665"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7880892157554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.7664889097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.7615708708763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.732701301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6495835781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.6482710838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5894904136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5719435811042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.5554211139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.4869142770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.45619967579841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41042256355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3839169144630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.24842113256454468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7880892157554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.7664889097213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.7615708708763123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.732701301574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6495835781097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.6482710838317871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5894904136657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5719435811042786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5554211139678955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.4869142770767212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45619967579841614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41042256355285645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3839169144630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.24842113256454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:53c9fdd230bb44249e910040ee80e1ef","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/53c9fdd230bb44249e910040ee80e1ef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science, Vol 24, Iss 4, Pp 654-665 (2021)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/10095020.2021.1972772?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36798160","display_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","issn_l":"1009-5020","issn":["1009-5020","1993-5153"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Geo-spatial Information Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4252305548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41771454","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5358406410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"and 41901340","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6366554838","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5377\u79ef\u795e\u7ecf\u7f51\u7edc\u7684\u9065\u611f\u56fe\u50cf\u591a\u5c42\u6b21\u7279\u5f81\u8868\u8fbe\u53ca\u68c0\u7d22\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41771452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G854679662","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41890820","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3204545281.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1967381020","https://openalex.org/W2017278151","https://openalex.org/W2029752074","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2073976476","https://openalex.org/W2074815706","https://openalex.org/W2085625911","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2144354855","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2400138547","https://openalex.org/W2512351403","https://openalex.org/W2559655401","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2593539516","https://openalex.org/W2596246567","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2605982830","https://openalex.org/W2625829240","https://openalex.org/W2725486421","https://openalex.org/W2774989306","https://openalex.org/W2779335303","https://openalex.org/W2783676233","https://openalex.org/W2784050770","https://openalex.org/W2788202095","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2903141337","https://openalex.org/W2912834795","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2956211185","https://openalex.org/W2962749812","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963786238","https://openalex.org/W2964294787","https://openalex.org/W2964979676","https://openalex.org/W2989678931","https://openalex.org/W2991359031","https://openalex.org/W2999905431","https://openalex.org/W3026303927","https://openalex.org/W3088979451","https://openalex.org/W3097243506","https://openalex.org/W3099008583","https://openalex.org/W3102695566","https://openalex.org/W3106228955","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3130645678","https://openalex.org/W4239032219","https://openalex.org/W4249809564","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237171675","https://openalex.org/W3036286480","https://openalex.org/W4287027631","https://openalex.org/W3192357901","https://openalex.org/W2387360586","https://openalex.org/W2952736415","https://openalex.org/W3209723314","https://openalex.org/W3205398323","https://openalex.org/W2883297582","https://openalex.org/W4390524233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,22,49,147],"the":[2,10,80,92,109,117,132,143,155],"bird\u2019s":[3],"eye":[4],"view":[5],"of":[6,13,94,125],"remote":[7,76],"sensing":[8,77],"sensors,":[9],"orientational":[11],"information":[12],"an":[14,85,126,137],"object":[15,26,72,99],"is":[16],"a":[17,62,123],"key":[18],"factor":[19],"that":[20,90,141,162],"has":[21],"be":[23],"considered":[24],"in":[25,74],"detection.":[27],"To":[28],"obtain":[29],"rotating":[30,44,104],"bounding":[31,150],"boxes,":[32],"existing":[33],"studies":[34],"either":[35],"rely":[36],"on":[37,154],"rotated":[38],"anchoring":[39],"schemes":[40],"or":[41],"adding":[42],"complex":[43],"ROI":[45],"transfer":[46],"layers,":[47],"leading":[48],"increased":[50],"computational":[51],"demand":[52],"and":[53,114,157],"reduced":[54],"detection":[55,73,96,100,111,119],"speeds.":[56],"In":[57],"this":[58],"study,":[59],"we":[60,83,135],"propose":[61,136],"novel":[63],"internal-external":[64],"optimized":[65],"convolutional":[66,129],"neural":[67],"network":[68],"for":[69,97],"arbitrary":[70,148],"orientated":[71,149],"optical":[75],"images.":[78],"For":[79,131],"internal":[81],"optimization,":[82,134],"designed":[84],"anchor-based":[86],"single-shot":[87],"head":[88,112,120],"detector":[89],"adopts":[91],"concept":[93],"coarse-to-fine":[95],"two-stage":[98],"networks.":[101],"The":[102],"refined":[103],"anchors":[105],"are":[106],"generated":[107],"from":[108],"coarse":[110],"module":[113,121],"fed":[115],"into":[116],"refining":[118],"with":[122],"link":[124],"embedded":[127],"deformable":[128],"layer.":[130],"external":[133],"IOU":[138],"balanced":[139],"loss":[140],"addresses":[142],"regression":[144],"challenges":[145],"related":[146],"boxes.":[151],"Experimental":[152],"results":[153],"DOTA":[156],"HRSC2016":[158],"benchmark":[159],"datasets":[160],"show":[161],"our":[163],"proposed":[164],"method":[165],"outperforms":[166],"selected":[167],"methods.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}