{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2006766289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095400997116694","title":"Coding the Output of a Feedforward Neural Net","display_name":"Coding the Output of a Feedforward Neural Net","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2006766289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095400997116694","mag":"2006766289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/095400997116694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095400997116694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024160031","display_name":"Khalid Al-Mashouq","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KHALID A AL-MASHOUQ","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024160031"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11439623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"217","last_page":"228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11236","display_name":"Control Systems and Identification","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8046987652778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.725801408290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6720765829086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6403740644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.5941957831382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.593631386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-neural-network","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","score":0.49809813499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.46204137802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.4548549950122833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.41502296924591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.3960631489753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37821686267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1206308901309967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8046987652778625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.725801408290863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6720765829086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6403740644454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.5941957831382751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.593631386756897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134342201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246859","display_name":"Probabilistic neural network","level":4,"score":0.49809813499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.46204137802124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4548549950122833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41502296924591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.3960631489753723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37821686267852783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1206308901309967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/095400997116694","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095400997116694","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595652908","https://openalex.org/W2089093251","https://openalex.org/W2104714048","https://openalex.org/W2950022897","https://openalex.org/W2390775476","https://openalex.org/W2186233897","https://openalex.org/W2785001934","https://openalex.org/W2408618716","https://openalex.org/W2950917560","https://openalex.org/W2114473615"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"any":[1],"feedforward":[2,48],"neural":[3,24,145,162,177],"net,":[4],"there":[5],"are":[6,59],"many":[7],"choices":[8],"for":[9,66],"coding,":[10],"or":[11],"labeling,":[12],"the":[13,23,33,36,63,100,106,111,115,160,172,175],"input":[14],"data.":[15],"Error-correcting":[16],"codes":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"proposed":[20],"to":[21,42,61,74,155],"encode":[22],"net":[25,146,163],"output.":[26],"This":[27,50,125,153],"representation":[28],"adds":[29],"extra":[30],"distance":[31],"between":[32],"labels":[34],"of":[35,71,105,113,119,142,174],"different":[37],"classes,":[38],"thus":[39],"it":[40],"helps":[41,165],"combat":[43],"classification":[44],"errors":[45],"encountered":[46],"in":[47,88,166],"nets.":[49],"claim":[51],"is":[52,73,85,127,148],"verified":[53],"theoretically":[54],"and":[55,102,109,133,151],"some":[56],"useful":[57],"bounds":[58],"derived":[60],"characterize":[62],"error-correcting":[64],"code":[65],"such":[67],"applications.":[68],"The":[69,140],"overhead":[70],"coding":[72,114],"require":[75],"more":[76,81,91,95],"output":[77,116],"nodes,":[78],"i.e.":[79],"a":[80,90,121,131,136,144,156],"complex":[82,92],"network.":[83],"It":[84],"known":[86],"that,":[87],"general":[89],"network":[93,108],"has":[94],"capacity.":[96],"Thus,":[97],"we":[98],"investigate":[99],"capacity":[101],"separation":[103],"ability":[104],"coded":[107],"compare":[110],"effect":[112],"with":[117],"that":[118],"using":[120],"specific":[122],"two-layered":[123],"net.":[124,178],"comparison":[126],"carried":[128],"out":[129],"from":[130,135],"deterministic":[132],"then":[134],"probabilistic":[137],"view":[138],"point.":[139],"issues":[141],"finding":[143,167],"decoder":[147],"also":[149],"addressed":[150],"analyzed.":[152],"leads":[154],"new":[157],"look":[158],"at":[159],"multi-layer":[161,176],"which":[164],"an":[168],"upper":[169],"bound":[170],"on":[171],"complexity":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}