{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4283746245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","title":"Do we need to pay technical debt in blockchain software systems?","display_name":"Do we need to pay technical debt in blockchain software systems?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4283746245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039828208","display_name":"Yubin Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-4020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yubin Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China","School of Information Engineering, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Jiangsu College of Engineering and Technology, Nantong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017627073","display_name":"Tie Bao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1547-5407"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tie Bao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100441911","display_name":"Xiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1180-3891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199305430","display_name":"Nantong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02afcvw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199305430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408780","display_name":"Long Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7693-9722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014671454","display_name":"Xianzhen Dou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianzhen Dou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102859794","display_name":"Meng Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6291-6896"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373327","display_name":"Hongmei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-4986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210096899","display_name":"Jiangsu University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00tyjp878","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongmei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210096899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017627073"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194450716","https://openalex.org/I4210134929"],"apc_list":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"apc_paid":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"fwci":2.4252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9079547,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"2026","last_page":"2047"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9758999943733215,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.9785836935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7506363391876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6585935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.6023640632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debt","display_name":"Debt","score":0.568031370639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.524229109287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-code","display_name":"Source code","score":0.48352885246276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.47772619128227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.4317339360713959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41652312874794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.37163424491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.35097604990005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23140877485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.17391222715377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.134542316198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11938685178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.08814659714698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08036172389984131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.9785836935043335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7506363391876221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6585935354232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.6023640632629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.568031370639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.524229109287262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.48352885246276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.47772619128227234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.4317339360713959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41652312874794006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.37163424491882324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.35097604990005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23140877485275269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17391222715377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.134542316198349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11938685178756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.08814659714698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08036172389984131}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bf4012c39df04320b2ed61c8de7cc9e0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bf4012c39df04320b2ed61c8de7cc9e0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science, Vol 34, Iss 1, Pp 2026-2047 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067125?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1765097025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JC2021124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336619","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Project of Nantong City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3341872223","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"kx202046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336367","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G725377762","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172350","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7874830833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"kx202013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336367","funder_display_name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336367","display_name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Trusted Software, Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336619","display_name":"Science and Technology Project of Nantong City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283746245.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4283746245.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967995512","https://openalex.org/W2009256433","https://openalex.org/W2045336717","https://openalex.org/W2130602377","https://openalex.org/W2395122565","https://openalex.org/W2395955025","https://openalex.org/W2567289819","https://openalex.org/W2579161546","https://openalex.org/W2589660059","https://openalex.org/W2612705982","https://openalex.org/W2756950516","https://openalex.org/W2767729231","https://openalex.org/W2900255599","https://openalex.org/W2921039133","https://openalex.org/W2966158888","https://openalex.org/W2993568083","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3007313497","https://openalex.org/W3013349811","https://openalex.org/W3015174650","https://openalex.org/W3047535465","https://openalex.org/W3093959562","https://openalex.org/W3107676683","https://openalex.org/W3140966608","https://openalex.org/W3168735207","https://openalex.org/W3185691166","https://openalex.org/W3197748160","https://openalex.org/W3203195958","https://openalex.org/W3205917528","https://openalex.org/W4206387329","https://openalex.org/W4210391699","https://openalex.org/W4210411691","https://openalex.org/W4220851242","https://openalex.org/W4235871198","https://openalex.org/W4252762853","https://openalex.org/W4253488076"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3083298608","https://openalex.org/W3160915530","https://openalex.org/W4250021107","https://openalex.org/W2002850079","https://openalex.org/W2950845034","https://openalex.org/W4211053310","https://openalex.org/W4385489206","https://openalex.org/W4313330935","https://openalex.org/W2150395559","https://openalex.org/W2912966798"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"blockchain":[1,39,55,71,158],"software":[2,27,40,56,72,82,168],"systems,":[3,57],"framework":[4,112],"developers":[5,12,113],"may":[6],"introduce":[7],"technical":[8,19,36,50,61,102,125,145,172],"debts":[9,20,62],"that":[10,140,180],"application":[11,167],"are":[13,63,127,147],"not":[14,132,148],"aware":[15],"of.":[16],"Because":[17],"these":[18,60,81],"can":[21],"have":[22,66],"a":[23,98],"negative":[24],"impact":[25],"on":[26],"projects,":[28],"we":[29,138],"need":[30],"to":[31,44],"investigate":[32,45],"the":[33,77,90,111,141,177],"issue":[34],"of":[35,48,101,124,176],"debt":[37,51,126,146],"in":[38,53,118,157],"systems.":[41,121],"We":[42,65,96],"wanted":[43],"what":[46],"types":[47,123],"self-introduced":[49],"exist":[52],"open-source":[54],"and":[58,86,114,129],"how":[59],"distributed.":[64],"selected":[67],"six":[68],"most":[69],"popular":[70],"projects":[73,83,169],"from":[74,80],"GitHub.":[75],"Then":[76],"code":[78,91,142],"comments":[79,92,143],"were":[84,93],"extracted":[85],"manually":[87],"labelled.":[88],"Finally,":[89],"statistically":[94],"analysed.":[95],"propose":[97],"new":[99],"type":[100],"debt,":[103,105],"resource":[104],"which":[106],"is":[107,131,155,161],"explicitly":[108],"identified":[109],"by":[110,151],"requires":[115],"special":[116],"attention":[117],"subsequent":[119],"production":[120],"Six":[122],"prevalent":[128,156],"there":[130],"any":[133],"algorithm":[134],"debt.":[135],"In":[136],"addition,":[137],"find":[139],"containing":[144],"entirely":[149],"determined":[150],"task":[152],"tags.":[153],"SATD":[154],"projects.":[159],"There":[160],"more":[162],"significant":[163],"variability":[164],"between":[165],"different":[166,171],"for":[170,181],"debts.":[173],"The":[174],"results":[175],"study":[178],"imply":[179],"detecting":[182],"SATD,":[183],"deep":[184],"semantic":[185],"discovery":[186],"models":[187],"should":[188],"be":[189],"used,":[190],"such":[191],"as":[192],"pre-trained":[193],"models.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}