{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280652331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","title":"TCN enhanced novel malicious traffic detection for IoT devices","display_name":"TCN enhanced novel malicious traffic detection for IoT devices","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280652331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liu Xin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028291488","display_name":"Ziang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Ziang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086500449","display_name":"Yingli Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9338-2316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Yingli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101426224","display_name":"Wenqiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5049-6900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhang Wenqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112838466","display_name":"Lv Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087772","display_name":"National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team/Coordination Center of Chinar","ror":"https://ror.org/00247dh76","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lv Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNCERT/CC, Beijing, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNCERT/CC, Beijing, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087772"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103653496","display_name":"Zhou Qingguo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76214153","display_name":"Lanzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mkqqe32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Qingguo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103653496"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76214153"],"apc_list":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"apc_paid":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"fwci":4.0676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94515627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"1","first_page":"1322","last_page":"1341"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8882054090499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.5801230072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5411279797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5206947922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.4727257788181305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.47161462903022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.45350953936576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4441230297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4302114248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.41882947087287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.40341445803642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3990756869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3938860297203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3286638855934143}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8882054090499878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5801230072975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5411279797554016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5206947922706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.4727257788181305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.47161462903022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.45350953936576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4441230297088623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4302114248275757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.41882947087287903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.40341445803642273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3990756869316101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3938860297203064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3286638855934143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:/ir.lzu.edu.cn/:262010/479973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lzu.edu.cn/handle/262010/479973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923049","display_name":"Lanzhou University Institutional Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e89a803287db47ee9066281c959c4d7e","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e89a803287db47ee9066281c959c4d7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science, Vol 34, Iss 1, Pp 1322-1341 (2022)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540091.2022.2067124?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4489557679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NCET-12-0250","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","funder_display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905308571","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61402210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6760281492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFC0832500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334924","display_name":"Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mv9t934"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280652331.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495633614","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W2009033060","https://openalex.org/W2027320593","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2103989326","https://openalex.org/W2133976259","https://openalex.org/W2136132422","https://openalex.org/W2154492151","https://openalex.org/W2256319980","https://openalex.org/W2393727648","https://openalex.org/W2890607711","https://openalex.org/W2899254597","https://openalex.org/W2942478455","https://openalex.org/W2952066300","https://openalex.org/W3022558251","https://openalex.org/W3032021129","https://openalex.org/W3108534413","https://openalex.org/W3123132909","https://openalex.org/W3149052245","https://openalex.org/W3200206671","https://openalex.org/W4206187163","https://openalex.org/W4225984761","https://openalex.org/W4235381699","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4248796240","https://openalex.org/W4252027727","https://openalex.org/W4255191222","https://openalex.org/W6906355099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3204740405","https://openalex.org/W3003879944","https://openalex.org/W3009051479","https://openalex.org/W4282574935","https://openalex.org/W3092280530","https://openalex.org/W4213230054","https://openalex.org/W3006227554","https://openalex.org/W3038458869","https://openalex.org/W4386229890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,14,18,45,61,106,136,141,162,165],"development":[2],"of":[3,21,50,109,164],"IoT":[4,9,22,42,110,117,173],"technology,":[5],"more":[6,8],"and":[7,127,153,169],"devices":[10,23,43],"are":[11],"connected":[12],"to":[13,17,30,40,67,158],"network.":[15],"Due":[16],"hardware":[19],"constraints":[20],"themselves,":[24],"it":[25,37],"is":[26,38,58,79],"difficult":[27],"for":[28,85,105],"developers":[29],"embed":[31],"security":[32,119],"software":[33],"into":[34],"them.":[35],"Therefore,":[36],"better":[39,150],"protect":[41],"at":[44],"traffic":[46,52,118],"level.":[47],"The":[48,130],"effect":[49],"malicious":[51],"detection":[53,70,120,137,142,151,155,167],"based":[54,102,122],"on":[55,72,103,123],"neural":[56,82],"networks":[57],"promising.":[59],"Still,":[60],"slow":[62],"computation":[63],"brings":[64],"some":[65],"difficulties":[66],"deploying":[68],"AI-based":[69],"systems":[71],"edge":[73],"servers.":[74],"Time":[75],"Convolutional":[76],"Network":[77],"(TCN)":[78],"a":[80,115],"high-speed":[81],"network":[83,98],"suitable":[84],"massively":[86],"parallel":[87],"computation.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90,147],"paper,":[91],"we":[92,113],"propose":[93],"Multi-class":[94,132,170],"S-TCN,":[95],"an":[96],"improved":[97],"supporting":[99],"multiple":[100],"classifications":[101],"TCN":[104],"practical":[107],"needs":[108],"scenarios.":[111,174],"Besides,":[112],"implement":[114],"complete":[116],"procedure":[121],"deep":[124],"packet":[125],"inspection":[126],"protocol":[128],"analysis.":[129],"proposed":[131,166],"S-TCN":[133,171],"significantly":[134],"improves":[135],"speed":[138,156],"without":[139],"degrading":[140],"effect.":[143],"Experiments":[144],"show":[145],"that":[146],"work":[148],"has":[149],"performance":[152],"faster":[154],"compared":[157],"existing":[159],"approaches,":[160],"proving":[161],"effectiveness":[163],"flow":[168],"in":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-22T06:13:13.366637","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}