{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2128558479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090902733764","title":"What/when causal expectation modelling applied to audio signals","display_name":"What/when causal expectation modelling applied to audio signals","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2128558479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090902733764","mag":"2128558479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540090902733764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090902733764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008012425","display_name":"Amaury Hazan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3218-7029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amaury Hazan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013266148","display_name":"Ricard Marxer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5099-5059"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricard Marxer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001424717","display_name":"Paul Brossier","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Brossier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074839324","display_name":"H.\u2010G. Purwins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0053-215X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hendrik Purwins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020790562","display_name":"Perfecto Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2799-7675"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Perfecto Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006479715","display_name":"Xavier Serra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170486558","display_name":"Pompeu Fabra University","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0g0b29","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xavier Serra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra , Ocata 1, 08001 , Barcelona , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Music Technology Group - Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008012425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170486558"],"apc_list":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.856,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90909091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"2-3","first_page":"119","last_page":"143"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10788","display_name":"Neuroscience and Music Perception","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/timbre","display_name":"Timbre","score":0.8413056135177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7888655662536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5482878088951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5323187708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5040720701217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4892096519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.47677376866340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.4516734480857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37662023305892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musical","display_name":"Musical","score":0.3199827969074249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.10512298345565796}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776539107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176501","display_name":"Timbre","level":3,"score":0.8413056135177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7888655662536621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5482878088951111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5323187708854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5040720701217651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4892096519470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.47677376866340637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4516734480857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37662023305892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.3199827969074249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.10512298345565796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540090902733764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090902733764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:recercat.cat:2072/316290","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10230/34478","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402147","display_name":"RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210090028","host_organization_name":"Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090028"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04931714v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04931714","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science, 2010, 21 (2-3), pp.119-143. &#x27E8;10.1080/09540090902733764&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W37008420","https://openalex.org/W67320657","https://openalex.org/W168748182","https://openalex.org/W185971256","https://openalex.org/W192383697","https://openalex.org/W1497301992","https://openalex.org/W1503381671","https://openalex.org/W1510436408","https://openalex.org/W1510737763","https://openalex.org/W1520129216","https://openalex.org/W1534403125","https://openalex.org/W1549339775","https://openalex.org/W1555402191","https://openalex.org/W1575829986","https://openalex.org/W1595111316","https://openalex.org/W1595313252","https://openalex.org/W1661750662","https://openalex.org/W1900727957","https://openalex.org/W1963622444","https://openalex.org/W1967957118","https://openalex.org/W1979624743","https://openalex.org/W1994629163","https://openalex.org/W1998139849","https://openalex.org/W1999949665","https://openalex.org/W2029949252","https://openalex.org/W2047804403","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2078265833","https://openalex.org/W2098580349","https://openalex.org/W2100471390","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2114640443","https://openalex.org/W2120132744","https://openalex.org/W2120951132","https://openalex.org/W2123211211","https://openalex.org/W2127973509","https://openalex.org/W2128107373","https://openalex.org/W2131963099","https://openalex.org/W2133119264","https://openalex.org/W2135771747","https://openalex.org/W2137617114","https://openalex.org/W2141119838","https://openalex.org/W2142635246","https://openalex.org/W2148154194","https://openalex.org/W2152960355","https://openalex.org/W2154686727","https://openalex.org/W2157095108","https://openalex.org/W2168175751","https://openalex.org/W2168729844","https://openalex.org/W2169264582","https://openalex.org/W2171763016","https://openalex.org/W2174443198","https://openalex.org/W2405513893","https://openalex.org/W2604292070","https://openalex.org/W2911457499","https://openalex.org/W2911665432","https://openalex.org/W3021200857","https://openalex.org/W3022458451","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4237640996","https://openalex.org/W4254091982","https://openalex.org/W4256399001","https://openalex.org/W4300402905","https://openalex.org/W6999668193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591743215","https://openalex.org/W2038216521","https://openalex.org/W2736574136","https://openalex.org/W2565286512","https://openalex.org/W2399955410","https://openalex.org/W3126677997","https://openalex.org/W2933782699","https://openalex.org/W2097377227","https://openalex.org/W2565238693","https://openalex.org/W3129283347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"causal":[1,174],"system":[2,98,109,131],"to":[3,13,70,99,149],"represent":[4],"a":[5,45,86,135,173],"stream":[6,53],"of":[7,47,96,126,137,141],"music":[8],"into":[9,117],"musical":[10,52,128],"events,":[11,17],"and":[12,30,36,43,58,108,153],"generate":[14,100],"further":[15],"expected":[16],"is":[18,132,166],"presented.":[19],"Starting":[20],"from":[21],"an":[22,38,79,101],"auditory":[23],"front-end":[24],"that":[25,103,115,162],"extracts":[26],"low-level":[27],"(i.e.":[28],"MFCC)":[29],"mid-level":[31],"features":[32],"such":[33],"as":[34],"onsets":[35],"beats,":[37],"unsupervised":[39,124],"clustering":[40],"process":[41],"builds":[42],"maintains":[44],"set":[46],"symbols":[48,74],"aimed":[49],"at":[50],"representing":[51],"events":[54,63],"using":[55,66,82,134],"both":[56,105],"timbre":[57,154],"time":[59,62],"descriptions.":[60],"The":[61,130],"are":[64,75],"represented":[65],"inter-onset":[67],"intervals":[68],"relative":[69],"the":[71,94,97,119,123,127,138,163],"beats.":[72],"These":[73],"then":[76],"processed":[77],"by":[78],"expectation":[80,102,170],"module":[81],"Predictive":[83],"Partial":[84],"Match,":[85],"multiscale":[87],"technique":[88],"based":[89],"on":[90],"N-grams.":[91],"To":[92],"characterise":[93],"ability":[95],"matches":[104],"ground":[106],"truth":[107],"transcription,":[110],"we":[111,160],"introduce":[112],"several":[113],"measures":[114],"take":[116],"account":[118],"uncertainty":[120],"associated":[121],"with":[122],"encoding":[125],"sequence.":[129],"evaluated":[133],"subset":[136],"ENST-drums":[139],"database":[140],"annotated":[142],"drum":[143],"recordings.":[144],"We":[145],"compare":[146],"three":[147],"approaches":[148],"combine":[150],"timing":[151],"(when)":[152],"(what)":[155],"expectation.":[156],"In":[157],"our":[158],"experiments,":[159],"show":[161],"induced":[164],"representation":[165],"useful":[167],"for":[168],"generating":[169],"patterns":[171],"in":[172],"way.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
