{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2158329013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090600768484","title":"Bootstrap learning of foundational representations","display_name":"Bootstrap learning of foundational representations","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2158329013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090600768484","mag":"2158329013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540090600768484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090600768484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540090600768484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540090600768484?needAccess=true","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070191324","display_name":"Benjamin Kuipers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin J. Kuipers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038456644","display_name":"Patrick Beeson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Beeson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054065284","display_name":"Joseph Modayil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Modayil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043419588","display_name":"Jefferson Provost","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jefferson Provost","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department , University of Texas at Austin , Austin, Texas, 78712, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070191324"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"],"apc_list":{"value":1270,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1270},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.9858,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98830258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"145","last_page":"158"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10653","display_name":"Robot Manipulation and Learning","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.980400025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7695721983909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.672587513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modalities","display_name":"Modalities","score":0.49523821473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.4583550989627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.458124041557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-agent","display_name":"Autonomous agent","score":0.4436206817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3545491695404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3366747200489044}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7695721983909607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.672587513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.49523821473121643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.4583550989627838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.458124041557312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13687954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4826847","display_name":"Autonomous agent","level":2,"score":0.4436206817626953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3545491695404053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3366747200489044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540090600768484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090600768484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540090600768484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.103.4229","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.103.4229","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://homepage.psy.utexas.edu/homepage/class/psy394U/hayhoe/cognitivescience/kuipers/Kuipers-connsci-06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.61.192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.61.192","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pbeeson/_papers_/Kuipers-sss-05.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.76.2107","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.76.2107","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.utexas.edu/~pbeeson/_papers_/Kuipers-connsci-06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.93.3088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.93.3088","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~jp/research/publications/kuipers-connsci-05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09540090600768484","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09540090600768484","pdf_url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09540090600768484?needAccess=true","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188800","display_name":"Connection Science","issn_l":"0954-0091","issn":["0954-0091","1360-0494"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Connection Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2805047658","display_name":"Development of a Bayesian Low-Vision Navigation Aid","funder_award_id":"5r03ey016089-03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5179142913","display_name":"Learning the Sensorimotor Foundation for Spatial Reasoning","funder_award_id":"0413257","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7165116654","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence:  An Academic Genealogy","funder_award_id":"0538927","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310620","display_name":"University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158329013.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2158329013.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W1490003351","https://openalex.org/W1518703880","https://openalex.org/W1529253181","https://openalex.org/W1530341129","https://openalex.org/W1575992056","https://openalex.org/W1611476298","https://openalex.org/W1679913846","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W2013896409","https://openalex.org/W2039429895","https://openalex.org/W2050781898","https://openalex.org/W2052417512","https://openalex.org/W2090323778","https://openalex.org/W2100283723","https://openalex.org/W2119409989","https://openalex.org/W2123081785","https://openalex.org/W2138754805","https://openalex.org/W2147915785","https://openalex.org/W2152909313","https://openalex.org/W2160584648","https://openalex.org/W2161808137","https://openalex.org/W2175268987","https://openalex.org/W4212774754","https://openalex.org/W4213332169","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388215872"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185469136","https://openalex.org/W4306353150","https://openalex.org/W8219677","https://openalex.org/W2980881520","https://openalex.org/W127837312","https://openalex.org/W2922283411","https://openalex.org/W4384789578","https://openalex.org/W3186236297","https://openalex.org/W2032362539","https://openalex.org/W4387421317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"be":[1],"autonomous,":[2],"intelligent":[3],"robots":[4],"must":[5],"learn":[6,109,115,165,238,256],"the":[7,18,40,45,104,110,119,161,222,247,272],"foundations":[8,273],"of":[9,31,44,70,112,176,213,229,274],"commonsense":[10,278],"knowledge":[11],"from":[12,39,185,215,246,251],"their":[13],"own":[14],"sensorimotor":[15],"experience":[16],"in":[17,160,174,266],"world.":[19],"We":[20],"describe":[21],"four":[22,263],"recent":[23],"research":[24,269],"results":[25],"that":[26,232],"contribute":[27],"to":[28,48,79,155,170,183,189,193,209,239],"a":[29,33,49,63,68,99,233,267],"theory":[30],"how":[32,98,148,198],"robot":[34,236,277],"learning":[35,65,72,100,208,226,235],"agent":[36,101,150,200],"can":[37,102,133,151,164,201,237,255],"bootstrap":[38,234],"\u2018blooming":[41],"buzzing":[42],"confusion\u2019":[43],"pixel":[46],"level":[47,51],"higher":[50],"ontology":[52,228],"including":[53],"distinctive":[54,172,187],"states,":[55],"places,":[56],"objects,":[57,230],"and":[58,87,128,132,140,163,179,206,250,254,276],"actions.":[59],"This":[60],"is":[61],"not":[62],"single":[64],"problem,":[66],"but":[67],"lattice":[69],"related":[71],"tasks,":[73],"each":[74,252],"providing":[75],"prerequisites":[76],"for":[77,118,138,259],"tasks":[78],"come":[80],"later.":[81],"Starting":[82],"with":[83],"completely":[84],"uninterpreted":[85],"sense":[86,105],"motor":[88,120],"vectors,":[89],"as":[90,92],"well":[91],"an":[93,149,199,227],"unknown":[94],"environment,":[95,162],"we":[96,146,196,220],"show":[97,147,197],"separate":[103],"vector":[106],"into":[107],"modalities,":[108,114],"structure":[111],"individual":[113],"natural":[116],"primitives":[117],"system,":[121],"identify":[122,156],"reliable":[123],"relations":[124],"between":[125],"primitive":[126],"actions":[127],"created":[129],"sensory":[130,158,217],"features,":[131,178],"define":[134,171],"useful":[135,157,258],"control":[136,168,181],"laws":[137,169,182],"homing":[139],"path-following.":[141],"Building":[142],"on":[143,192,271],"this":[144],"framework,":[145],"use":[152],"self-organizing":[153],"maps":[154],"features":[159],"effective":[166],"hill-climbing":[167],"states":[173],"terms":[175],"those":[177],"trajectory-following":[180],"move":[184],"one":[186],"state":[188],"another.":[190],"Moving":[191],"place":[194],"recognition,":[195],"combine":[202],"unsupervised":[203],"learning,":[204],"map-learning,":[205],"supervised":[207],"achieve":[210],"high-performance":[211],"recognition":[212],"places":[214],"rich":[216],"input.":[218],"Finally,":[219],"take":[221],"first":[223],"steps":[224,265],"toward":[225],"showing":[231],"individuate":[240],"objects":[241],"through":[242],"motion,":[243],"separating":[244],"them":[245],"static":[248],"environment":[249],"other,":[253],"properties":[257],"classification.":[260],"These":[261],"are":[262],"key":[264],"larger":[268],"enterprise":[270],"human":[275],"knowledge.":[279]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}