{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4229004070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979","title":"Non-R&amp;D innovation in SMEs: is there complementarity or substitutability between internal and external innovation sourcing strategies?","display_name":"Non-R&amp;D innovation in SMEs: is there complementarity or substitutability between internal and external innovation sourcing strategies?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4229004070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027722627","display_name":"Hailun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-5140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75951250","display_name":"Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/046ak2485","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75951250"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205892228","display_name":"Berlin School of Economics and Law","ror":"https://ror.org/03rkmps36","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205892228"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hailun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Innovation Management, School of Business and Economics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Innovation Management, School of Business and Economics, Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228","https://openalex.org/I75951250"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027722627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205892228","https://openalex.org/I75951250"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6143,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86426312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"5","first_page":"916","last_page":"930"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","score":0.8591954708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6865299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-innovation","display_name":"Product innovation","score":0.6587650775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.608833909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-process","display_name":"Innovation process","score":0.5217819809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5044740438461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-product-development","display_name":"New product development","score":0.4502498507499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embodied-cognition","display_name":"Embodied cognition","score":0.4282994866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.4164241552352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4149349629878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.12605664134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-in-process","display_name":"Work in process","score":0.11995288729667664}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202269582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644277","display_name":"Complementarity (molecular biology)","level":2,"score":0.8591954708099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6865299344062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75434695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247768","display_name":"Product innovation","level":2,"score":0.6587650775909424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.608833909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983189667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174165","display_name":"Innovation process","level":3,"score":0.5217819809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5044740438461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19351080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1395034","display_name":"New product development","level":2,"score":0.4502498507499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100609095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335050","display_name":"Embodied cognition","level":2,"score":0.4282994866371155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4164241552352905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4149349629878998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12605664134025574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174998907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662","display_name":"Work in process","level":2,"score":0.11995288729667664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2065979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5250449491","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201806330116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1925322388","https://openalex.org/W1931368035","https://openalex.org/W1969944770","https://openalex.org/W1976187598","https://openalex.org/W1976256921","https://openalex.org/W1977193347","https://openalex.org/W1978393621","https://openalex.org/W1983139669","https://openalex.org/W1997553398","https://openalex.org/W2002224077","https://openalex.org/W2018915326","https://openalex.org/W2030428601","https://openalex.org/W2030799799","https://openalex.org/W2054315869","https://openalex.org/W2057358969","https://openalex.org/W2072693498","https://openalex.org/W2073739411","https://openalex.org/W2099008647","https://openalex.org/W2104948296","https://openalex.org/W2108795964","https://openalex.org/W2123835737","https://openalex.org/W2126228285","https://openalex.org/W2141226948","https://openalex.org/W2152112386","https://openalex.org/W2156062675","https://openalex.org/W2192817763","https://openalex.org/W2283286223","https://openalex.org/W2295363824","https://openalex.org/W2484816703","https://openalex.org/W2599268146","https://openalex.org/W2607470258","https://openalex.org/W2904327160","https://openalex.org/W2937577137","https://openalex.org/W2959045051","https://openalex.org/W2991556909","https://openalex.org/W2997054777","https://openalex.org/W3089635826","https://openalex.org/W3121728037","https://openalex.org/W3123348700","https://openalex.org/W3123716560","https://openalex.org/W3125679375","https://openalex.org/W3175866651","https://openalex.org/W4247184660"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3186255638","https://openalex.org/W2905185609","https://openalex.org/W1910155086","https://openalex.org/W2920231220","https://openalex.org/W2895950789","https://openalex.org/W4283747039","https://openalex.org/W2762916714","https://openalex.org/W2782498307","https://openalex.org/W3125349942","https://openalex.org/W1604614122"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"to":[3,34,89,135],"what":[4],"extent":[5],"non-R&D":[6,41,77,82,131,139],"activities":[7,42,132],"individually":[8],"and":[9,16,24,37,64,92,103,109,124,141],"jointly":[10],"drive":[11,106],"innovation":[12,68,108,126,137,143],"processes":[13,69],"in":[14,70,100],"small-":[15],"medium-sized":[17],"enterprises":[18],"(SMEs).":[19],"We":[20,79,114],"argue":[21],"that":[22,81,93,117],"non-R&D-performing":[23],"R&D-performing":[25],"SMEs":[26,71],"(non-R&D":[27],"vs":[28,47],"R&D":[29,94,145],"performers)":[30],"differ":[31],"with":[32],"respect":[33],"the":[35,118],"separate":[36],"combined":[38],"effects":[39],"of":[40,53,67,76,120,130],"on":[43,50,73,86],"technological":[44],"innovations":[45],"(product":[46],"process).":[48],"Drawing":[49],"a":[51,62,74],"sample":[52],"1392":[54],"Chinese":[55],"manufacturing":[56],"SMEs,":[57],"our":[58],"empirical":[59],"results":[60],"paint":[61],"complex":[63],"comprehensive":[65],"picture":[66],"based":[72],"set":[75],"activities.":[78],"find":[80,116],"performers":[83,95,140],"rely":[84],"primarily":[85],"embodied":[87],"knowledge":[88],"develop":[90],"innovations,":[91],"can":[96],"access":[97],"external":[98,125],"networking":[99],"which":[101],"customers":[102],"scientific":[104],"sources":[105],"product":[107,136],"suppliers":[110],"affect":[111],"process":[112,142],"innovation.":[113],"also":[115],"existence":[119],"substitutability":[121],"between":[122],"internal":[123],"sourcing":[127],"strategies":[128],"composed":[129],"is":[133],"limited":[134],"for":[138,144],"performers.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-24T08:02:53.985720","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
