{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4211256722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715","title":"Do external risk factors increase or decrease country-level R&amp;D efficiency: focused on air pollution and job insecurity?","display_name":"Do external risk factors increase or decrease country-level R&amp;D efficiency: focused on air pollution and job insecurity?","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4211256722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020101528","display_name":"Sangpil Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8682-0090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangpil Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068596382","display_name":"Yanghon Chung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9964-7917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanghon Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022531241","display_name":"Seunghun Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghun Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business and Technology Management, College of Business, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040997048","display_name":"Chungwon Woo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2806-2639"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1306601404","display_name":"Science and Technology Policy Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00s147322","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306601404","https://openalex.org/I4210097958"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chungwon Woo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology Policy Institute, Sejong National Research Complex, Sejong, Republic of Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology Policy Institute, Sejong National Research Complex, Sejong, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306601404"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040997048"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1306601404"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6178,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76813592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"3","first_page":"472","last_page":"485"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12722","display_name":"Innovation Policy and R&D","score":0.920799970626831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9175000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobit-model","display_name":"Tobit model","score":0.8494778871536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5466637015342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-insecurity","display_name":"Job insecurity","score":0.44921401143074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-economics","display_name":"Environmental economics","score":0.4344891905784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.30877411365509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.20158258080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13198110461235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.08935880661010742}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166866094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307251","display_name":"Tobit model","level":2,"score":0.8494778871536255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5466637015342712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992165624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302562","display_name":"Job insecurity","level":3,"score":0.44921401143074036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4344891905784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30877411365509033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.20158258080482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13198110461235046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08935880661010742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2022.2036715","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499782369","https://openalex.org/W1549175607","https://openalex.org/W1570998837","https://openalex.org/W1765638862","https://openalex.org/W1982418047","https://openalex.org/W1985971882","https://openalex.org/W2014155694","https://openalex.org/W2016968950","https://openalex.org/W2022745185","https://openalex.org/W2026914506","https://openalex.org/W2028786236","https://openalex.org/W2038565395","https://openalex.org/W2040856148","https://openalex.org/W2042056370","https://openalex.org/W2042459243","https://openalex.org/W2051046213","https://openalex.org/W2054371413","https://openalex.org/W2062828506","https://openalex.org/W2062843370","https://openalex.org/W2064444218","https://openalex.org/W2071043934","https://openalex.org/W2072227994","https://openalex.org/W2073847089","https://openalex.org/W2075560995","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2079124939","https://openalex.org/W2082889594","https://openalex.org/W2096583272","https://openalex.org/W2102236934","https://openalex.org/W2129763896","https://openalex.org/W2132952795","https://openalex.org/W2136495727","https://openalex.org/W2144749955","https://openalex.org/W2154058113","https://openalex.org/W2154662245","https://openalex.org/W2159480175","https://openalex.org/W2160326831","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2164735445","https://openalex.org/W2166801223","https://openalex.org/W2188980020","https://openalex.org/W2246937437","https://openalex.org/W2471766071","https://openalex.org/W2588183788","https://openalex.org/W2594768052","https://openalex.org/W2617940167","https://openalex.org/W2811368840","https://openalex.org/W2819066463","https://openalex.org/W2900472106","https://openalex.org/W2902370153","https://openalex.org/W2973240435","https://openalex.org/W3025780538","https://openalex.org/W3044248583","https://openalex.org/W3047035251","https://openalex.org/W3047486527","https://openalex.org/W3095076149","https://openalex.org/W3124528338","https://openalex.org/W3131598385","https://openalex.org/W3132076644","https://openalex.org/W6903716459"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W4321845143","https://openalex.org/W4224251527","https://openalex.org/W2114502412","https://openalex.org/W2969565015","https://openalex.org/W2371687945","https://openalex.org/W4200006402","https://openalex.org/W4200187946","https://openalex.org/W2924409995","https://openalex.org/W2943827903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68],"national":[1,9],"resources":[2,26],"that":[3,114],"can":[4],"be":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,16,21],"the":[8,35,47,82,118],"innovation":[10],"system":[11],"are":[12,27],"limited.":[13],"Therefore,":[14],"interest":[15],"R&D":[17,44,75,88,99],"efficiency":[18,45,76],"is":[19],"increasing":[20],"terms":[22],"of":[23,37,84,120],"how":[24],"well-limited":[25],"utilised":[28],"to":[29,94],"achieve":[30],"innovation.":[31],"This":[32,110],"study":[33,111],"analyzed":[34],"effects":[36],"external":[38],"risk":[39,79,121],"factors":[40],"on":[41,122],"a":[42,65,71],"country's":[43],"using":[46],"DEA-Tobit":[48],"regression":[49],"model.":[50],"Air":[51],"pollution":[52],"was":[53,62],"set":[54],"as":[55,64,105],"an":[56],"environmental":[57,85],"risk,":[58],"and":[59,77,124,129],"job":[60],"insecurity":[61],"selected":[63],"social":[66],"risk.":[67],"results":[69],"showed":[70],"positive":[72],"correlation":[73],"between":[74],"both":[78],"factors.":[80],"In":[81],"case":[83],"risks,":[86],"long-term":[87],"investments":[89],"or":[90],"technology":[91],"development":[92],"due":[93],"strong":[95],"regulations":[96],"have":[97,103],"affected":[98],"efficiency.":[100],"Social":[101],"risks":[102],"served":[104],"motivation":[106],"for":[107],"high":[108],"performance.":[109],"provides":[112],"implications":[113],"policymakers":[115],"should":[116],"consider":[117],"impact":[119],"performance":[123],"manage":[125],"it":[126],"through":[127],"organisation":[128],"monitoring.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
