{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4200323167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853","title":"The relationship between non-pecuniary outbound openness and profit in large firms","display_name":"The relationship between non-pecuniary outbound openness and profit in large firms","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4200323167","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070834623","display_name":"Beifen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-6101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beifen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Management and Economics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665598","display_name":"Zhibao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-8899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136765683","display_name":"Tianjin University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zbe0w13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhibao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101665598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136765683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73079682,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"12","first_page":"1605","last_page":"1617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12659","display_name":"Innovation Diffusion and Forecasting","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/openness-to-experience","display_name":"Openness to experience","score":0.845870852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-rent","display_name":"Economic rent","score":0.7317932844161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6086181402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5572566986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.5309343338012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-innovation","display_name":"Open innovation","score":0.5274558067321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.4181336760520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3533920347690582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.30947697162628174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.845870852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106866004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264259","display_name":"Economic rent","level":2,"score":0.7317932844161987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6086181402206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5572566986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5309343338012695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148415826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469997","display_name":"Open innovation","level":2,"score":0.5274558067321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.4181336760520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3533920347690582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30947697162628174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2021.2011853","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W111285361","https://openalex.org/W316667688","https://openalex.org/W382187674","https://openalex.org/W1521738132","https://openalex.org/W1542405687","https://openalex.org/W1551905080","https://openalex.org/W1976749795","https://openalex.org/W2003014503","https://openalex.org/W2018915326","https://openalex.org/W2024610642","https://openalex.org/W2048285475","https://openalex.org/W2055648175","https://openalex.org/W2059739463","https://openalex.org/W2062223836","https://openalex.org/W2077310552","https://openalex.org/W2082298179","https://openalex.org/W2087712586","https://openalex.org/W2102469678","https://openalex.org/W2107545399","https://openalex.org/W2108767715","https://openalex.org/W2112390372","https://openalex.org/W2114198845","https://openalex.org/W2115847821","https://openalex.org/W2122679534","https://openalex.org/W2124103684","https://openalex.org/W2125111810","https://openalex.org/W2137457258","https://openalex.org/W2151566613","https://openalex.org/W2151896628","https://openalex.org/W2159871020","https://openalex.org/W2164742765","https://openalex.org/W2167112908","https://openalex.org/W2209421179","https://openalex.org/W2255174776","https://openalex.org/W2259644269","https://openalex.org/W2489371474","https://openalex.org/W2503080200","https://openalex.org/W2556476796","https://openalex.org/W2603429330","https://openalex.org/W2613702260","https://openalex.org/W2755356343","https://openalex.org/W2770193459","https://openalex.org/W2805979810","https://openalex.org/W2903229720","https://openalex.org/W3014941759","https://openalex.org/W3033478385","https://openalex.org/W3113094267","https://openalex.org/W3121187864","https://openalex.org/W3121773575","https://openalex.org/W3122263873","https://openalex.org/W3123304754","https://openalex.org/W3124536214","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3125769622","https://openalex.org/W3125778572","https://openalex.org/W3129885361","https://openalex.org/W3131522068","https://openalex.org/W4233929054","https://openalex.org/W4292492728","https://openalex.org/W4298079453","https://openalex.org/W6604556537","https://openalex.org/W6630411177","https://openalex.org/W6638827158","https://openalex.org/W6722296275","https://openalex.org/W7043442609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2363788573","https://openalex.org/W2051523935","https://openalex.org/W4387859829","https://openalex.org/W2766565215","https://openalex.org/W3133678476","https://openalex.org/W2791309541","https://openalex.org/W3122116788","https://openalex.org/W2005640474","https://openalex.org/W1427973557","https://openalex.org/W2739387846"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Investigations":[0],"into":[1],"pecuniary":[2],"and":[3,17,69,93,134],"inbound":[4],"innovation":[5,18,55,68],"types":[6,14],"has":[7,27],"advanced":[8],"rapidly.":[9],"The":[10],"relationships":[11],"between":[12,89,129],"these":[13],"of":[15,39,106,112,123,132],"OI":[16,26,61,92,149],"performance":[19],"are":[20,46],"now":[21],"well":[22],"understood.":[23],"Non-pecuniary":[24],"outbound":[25,53,60,91,148],"received":[28],"less":[29],"attention,":[30],"perhaps":[31],"because":[32,58],"it":[33],"is":[34,65,108,114,125,136],"contrary":[35],"to":[36,67,85,117,145],"the":[37,87,103,110,120,127,130,146],"expectation":[38],"capturing":[40],"rents":[41],"from":[42],"innovation.":[43],"Yet,":[44],"there":[45],"many":[47],"well-known":[48],"large":[49,96,151],"companies":[50],"embracing":[51],"non-pecuniary":[52,59,90,147],"open":[54],"in":[56,95,150],"practice":[57],"involving":[62],"knowledge":[63],"sharing":[64],"critical":[66],"future":[70],"value":[71],"capture.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74,78],"article,":[75],"we":[76],"address":[77],"gap":[79],"by":[80],"establishing":[81],"a":[82],"mathematical":[83],"model":[84],"investigate":[86],"relationship":[88,128],"profit":[94,135],"firms.":[97,152],"Our":[98,139],"findings":[99],"indicate":[100],"that":[101],"when":[102],"fixed":[104,121],"cost":[105,122],"resources":[107,124],"low,":[109],"degree":[111,131],"openness":[113,133],"negatively":[115],"related":[116],"profit.":[118],"When":[119],"high,":[126],"inverted":[137],"U-shaped.":[138],"work":[140],"thus":[141],"suggests":[142],"boundary":[143],"conditions":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}