{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2974736284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","title":"Multicomponent signals and financial constraints","display_name":"Multicomponent signals and financial constraints","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2974736284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","mag":"2974736284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050472776","display_name":"Edward Levitas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-989X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43579087","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Milwaukee","ror":"https://ror.org/031q21x57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edward Levitas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Lubar School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0427-989X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Lubar School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43579087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085185214","display_name":"M. Ann McFadyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-3545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189196454","display_name":"The University of Texas at Arlington","ror":"https://ror.org/019kgqr73","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Ann McFadyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, College of Business, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-3545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, College of Business, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085185214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189196454"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8757182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"4","first_page":"397","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11976","display_name":"Capital Investment and Risk Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambiguity","display_name":"Ambiguity","score":0.8472689986228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alliance","display_name":"Alliance","score":0.653086245059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.5642774105072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5639047622680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.454900860786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.3649899363517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.35063090920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.17979127168655396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780522230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140419","display_name":"Ambiguity","level":2,"score":0.8472689986228943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778431023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878249","display_name":"Alliance","level":2,"score":0.653086245059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5642774105072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5639047622680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.454900860786438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3649899363517761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.35063090920448303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.17979127168655396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2019.1664735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis & Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"},{"score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58517354","https://openalex.org/W1491554624","https://openalex.org/W1497789111","https://openalex.org/W1507782914","https://openalex.org/W1517701247","https://openalex.org/W1535129021","https://openalex.org/W1571088562","https://openalex.org/W1645343793","https://openalex.org/W1844575659","https://openalex.org/W1966565904","https://openalex.org/W1976395435","https://openalex.org/W1977685841","https://openalex.org/W1993412088","https://openalex.org/W1996299780","https://openalex.org/W2007893250","https://openalex.org/W2008443823","https://openalex.org/W2011082753","https://openalex.org/W2014740757","https://openalex.org/W2016452762","https://openalex.org/W2025145152","https://openalex.org/W2025433286","https://openalex.org/W2025579080","https://openalex.org/W2027574342","https://openalex.org/W2030799799","https://openalex.org/W2035554302","https://openalex.org/W2041571857","https://openalex.org/W2041923830","https://openalex.org/W2042008766","https://openalex.org/W2044047874","https://openalex.org/W2044915205","https://openalex.org/W2048801439","https://openalex.org/W2054368094","https://openalex.org/W2056674732","https://openalex.org/W2057289437","https://openalex.org/W2062269829","https://openalex.org/W2070505423","https://openalex.org/W2075412397","https://openalex.org/W2077851417","https://openalex.org/W2080476054","https://openalex.org/W2094842277","https://openalex.org/W2102045068","https://openalex.org/W2111044028","https://openalex.org/W2111114024","https://openalex.org/W2112256230","https://openalex.org/W2113787654","https://openalex.org/W2124115302","https://openalex.org/W2124298085","https://openalex.org/W2126114123","https://openalex.org/W2127027722","https://openalex.org/W2131846008","https://openalex.org/W2142068978","https://openalex.org/W2143473157","https://openalex.org/W2144357229","https://openalex.org/W2145324776","https://openalex.org/W2145767742","https://openalex.org/W2146722939","https://openalex.org/W2149241253","https://openalex.org/W2154705432","https://openalex.org/W2156564688","https://openalex.org/W2158489851","https://openalex.org/W2159334570","https://openalex.org/W2160668174","https://openalex.org/W2160671156","https://openalex.org/W2161621790","https://openalex.org/W2168744009","https://openalex.org/W2326037061","https://openalex.org/W2330378565","https://openalex.org/W2343549460","https://openalex.org/W2529563246","https://openalex.org/W2775329852","https://openalex.org/W2788088045","https://openalex.org/W3099303766","https://openalex.org/W3121239293","https://openalex.org/W3121403162","https://openalex.org/W3121786372","https://openalex.org/W3121802695","https://openalex.org/W3121986562","https://openalex.org/W3122251367","https://openalex.org/W3122374802","https://openalex.org/W3122424614","https://openalex.org/W3122647754","https://openalex.org/W3124012175","https://openalex.org/W3124114405","https://openalex.org/W3124700114","https://openalex.org/W3125071375","https://openalex.org/W3125140669","https://openalex.org/W3125154925","https://openalex.org/W3125512896","https://openalex.org/W3125519219","https://openalex.org/W3125571233","https://openalex.org/W3125913281","https://openalex.org/W3125962247","https://openalex.org/W3213604345","https://openalex.org/W4211141187","https://openalex.org/W4211243947","https://openalex.org/W4234067900","https://openalex.org/W4234156351","https://openalex.org/W4243789811","https://openalex.org/W4298856664","https://openalex.org/W4299601558"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3125302265","https://openalex.org/W4242931393","https://openalex.org/W2114295463","https://openalex.org/W3124763745","https://openalex.org/W2355569436","https://openalex.org/W369672418","https://openalex.org/W2130068615","https://openalex.org/W1486494288","https://openalex.org/W2381872080","https://openalex.org/W2353179089"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"inventive":[1,21],"process":[2],"creates":[3],"knowledge":[4],"asymmetries":[5],"between":[6],"research-intensive":[7,25],"firms":[8,16,26],"and":[9,92],"external":[10,41],"investors,":[11],"making":[12],"it":[13],"difficult":[14],"for":[15,20],"to":[17,37,55],"obtain":[18],"funding":[19],"activities.":[22],"Consequently,":[23],"most":[24],"face":[27],"financial":[28],"constraints":[29],"(FC).":[30],"Some":[31],"suggest":[32],"patents":[33,69],"act":[34],"as":[35,70],"signals":[36,102],"reduce":[38],"asymmetries,":[39],"attracting":[40],"financing.":[42],"Yet,":[43],"prior":[44],"findings":[45],"are":[46],"mixed.":[47],"We":[48,60,75,96],"integrate":[49],"literature":[50],"on":[51,82],"FC":[52,83],"with":[53],"signaling":[54],"explore":[56],"these":[57],"inconsistent":[58],"conclusions.":[59],"argue":[61],"ambiguity":[62],"in":[63],"previous":[64],"studies":[65],"results":[66],"from":[67],"examining":[68],"sending":[71],"a":[72],"single":[73],"signal.":[74],"examine":[76],"impacts":[77],"of":[78,86,99],"three":[79],"firm-level":[80],"attributes":[81],"\u2013":[84],"use":[85],"emergent":[87],"technology":[88],"inputs,":[89],"firm":[90],"age,":[91],"repeat":[93],"alliance":[94],"partners.":[95],"demonstrate":[97],"consideration":[98],"multiple":[100],"simultaneous":[101],"provides":[103],"better":[104],"insights":[105],"into":[106],"the":[107],"patenting-FC":[108],"relationship.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}