{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2112468533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320903052756","title":"International generation of technology: an assessment of its intensity, motives and facilitators","display_name":"International generation of technology: an assessment of its intensity, motives and facilitators","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2112468533","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320903052756","mag":"2112468533"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537320903052756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320903052756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059569025","display_name":"Mar\u00eda de los \u00c1ngeles Quint\u00e1s Corredoira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8857-2200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda A. Quint\u00e1s","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066264486","display_name":"Xos\u00e9 H. V\u00e1zquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-7404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xos\u00e9 H. V\u00e1zquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015529976","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-0689"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035789591","display_name":"Gloria Caballero Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0431-5977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6289922","display_name":"Universidade de Vigo","ror":"https://ror.org/05rdf8595","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gloria Caballero","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Management and Marketing, Faculty of Economics and Business , University of Vigo, Campus das Lagoas Marcosende , s/n 36310, Vigo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059569025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6289922"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0213,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9603144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"6","first_page":"743","last_page":"763"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization","display_name":"Internationalization","score":0.787592351436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversification","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","score":0.7855239510536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6447346210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-organization","display_name":"Industrial organization","score":0.6057639718055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.5956811308860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-change","display_name":"Technological change","score":0.5869506597518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3861176669597626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-geography","display_name":"Economic geography","score":0.37038129568099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-trade","display_name":"International trade","score":0.2432703971862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.19657230377197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.06830325722694397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.787592351436615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.7855239510536194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6447346210479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.6057639718055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.5956811308860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137996800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702","display_name":"Technological change","level":2,"score":0.5869506597518921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3861176669597626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.37038129568099976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.2432703971862793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19657230377197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.06830325722694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09537320903052756","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320903052756","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S130699561","display_name":"Technology Analysis and Strategic Management","issn_l":"0953-7325","issn":["0953-7325","1465-3990"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Technology Analysis &amp; Strategic Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171411241","https://openalex.org/W222362999","https://openalex.org/W303465736","https://openalex.org/W1501281646","https://openalex.org/W1507651230","https://openalex.org/W1537758657","https://openalex.org/W1574512711","https://openalex.org/W1581680787","https://openalex.org/W1594458642","https://openalex.org/W1665332082","https://openalex.org/W1797143341","https://openalex.org/W1865770388","https://openalex.org/W1965720565","https://openalex.org/W1965802497","https://openalex.org/W1966423186","https://openalex.org/W1977263121","https://openalex.org/W1982351505","https://openalex.org/W1985619075","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W1993925781","https://openalex.org/W2001709588","https://openalex.org/W2005068573","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2009320476","https://openalex.org/W2013571204","https://openalex.org/W2016959385","https://openalex.org/W2020740069","https://openalex.org/W2021251767","https://openalex.org/W2021790966","https://openalex.org/W2022905584","https://openalex.org/W2030550807","https://openalex.org/W2030858460","https://openalex.org/W2032033923","https://openalex.org/W2032150897","https://openalex.org/W2033739267","https://openalex.org/W2038603746","https://openalex.org/W2041950556","https://openalex.org/W2053553257","https://openalex.org/W2059334100","https://openalex.org/W2067417456","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2076991279","https://openalex.org/W2079486283","https://openalex.org/W2088815014","https://openalex.org/W2089302091","https://openalex.org/W2111300188","https://openalex.org/W2111716173","https://openalex.org/W2134884103","https://openalex.org/W2135640028","https://openalex.org/W2135948053","https://openalex.org/W2145256625","https://openalex.org/W2156523901","https://openalex.org/W2163161012","https://openalex.org/W2164972566","https://openalex.org/W2169405125","https://openalex.org/W2171650106","https://openalex.org/W2346504520","https://openalex.org/W2347073578","https://openalex.org/W2488218182","https://openalex.org/W2607057733","https://openalex.org/W3121672564","https://openalex.org/W3122424070","https://openalex.org/W3122795580","https://openalex.org/W3124494824","https://openalex.org/W3124597053","https://openalex.org/W3125236182","https://openalex.org/W3125697804","https://openalex.org/W3146960623","https://openalex.org/W4237697800","https://openalex.org/W4238220434","https://openalex.org/W4298091299","https://openalex.org/W4300793279"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355899978","https://openalex.org/W3197576131","https://openalex.org/W3136626957","https://openalex.org/W2372917950","https://openalex.org/W2551469356","https://openalex.org/W2592030776","https://openalex.org/W3084149923","https://openalex.org/W2070463782","https://openalex.org/W2886349790","https://openalex.org/W2571401218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,73],"paper":[1],"assesses":[2],"two":[3],"decades":[4],"of":[5,8,34,53,62,80,87,117,131,142,148],"international":[6,60],"generation":[7,61],"technology":[9,63],"through":[10],"EPO":[11],"data:":[12],"we":[13,119],"quantify":[14],"its":[15,18,27],"volume,":[16],"analyse":[17],"motives":[19],"and":[20,37,71,96,114,123,145],"identify":[21],"several":[22],"business":[23,125],"traits":[24],"that":[25,41,58,93,127],"facilitate":[26],"implementation.":[28],"Our":[29,136],"database,":[30],"which":[31],"is":[32,101],"composed":[33],"65,000":[35],"firms":[36],"465,000":[38],"patents,":[39],"shows":[40],"most":[42],"technological":[43,82,124,133,146],"activities":[44,134],"are":[45],"still":[46],"carried":[47],"out":[48],"in":[49],"the":[50,59,69,78,111,129,140,143],"home":[51,112],"country":[52,113],"multinationals.":[54],"We":[55],"nevertheless":[56],"find":[57],"has":[64],"been":[65],"continuously":[66],"increasing":[67],"during":[68],"80s":[70],"90s.":[72],"growing":[74],"trend":[75],"partially":[76],"reflects":[77],"use":[79],"global":[81],"supply":[83],"as":[84],"a":[85],"source":[86],"new":[88],"competences;":[89],"however,":[90],"data":[91],"verifies":[92,139],"adapting":[94],"products":[95],"processes":[97],"to":[98],"foreign":[99],"markets":[100],"an":[102],"even":[103],"more":[104],"relevant":[105],"motive.":[106],"Lastly,":[107],"after":[108],"controlling":[109],"for":[110,121],"geographic":[115],"diversification":[116],"multinationals,":[118],"search":[120],"structural":[122],"features":[126],"make":[128],"internationalisation":[130],"their":[132],"easier.":[135],"model":[137],"thus":[138],"relevance":[141],"size":[144],"activity":[147],"parent":[149],"companies.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
