{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4317627112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723","title":"A Novel Multispectral Maritime Target classification based on ThermalGAN (RGB-to-Thermal Image Translation)","display_name":"A Novel Multispectral Maritime Target classification based on ThermalGAN (RGB-to-Thermal Image Translation)","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4317627112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Multispectral_Maritime_Target_classification_based_on_ThermalGAN_RGB-to-Thermal_Image_Translation_/21929809","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011805452","display_name":"Bouchenafa Mohamed El Mahdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-4854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bouchenafa Mohamed El Mahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-4854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072944170","display_name":"Abdelkrim Nemra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9961-7462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nemra Abdelkrim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guidance and navigation laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guidance and navigation laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067645970","display_name":"Abdenour Amamra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-0572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amamra Abdenour","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial intelligence and virtual reality laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4647-0572","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial intelligence and virtual reality laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Irki Zohir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irki Zohir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051027108","display_name":"Boubertakh Wassim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boubertakh Wassim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Embedded systems laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022469183","display_name":"Fethi Demim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-0800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802493600","display_name":"Polytechnic School of Algiers","ror":"https://ror.org/05t0zwy08","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Demim Fethi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guidance and navigation laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0687-0800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guidance and navigation laboratory, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, Algiers, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011805452"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802493600"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9365,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91892505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"8","first_page":"1757","last_page":"1777"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8529940843582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.7894259095191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multispectral-image","display_name":"Multispectral image","score":0.770728588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7003140449523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6171873211860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5229447484016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-translation","display_name":"Image translation","score":0.4819593131542206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.43987634778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.40845924615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.40168023109436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3863670229911804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8529940843582153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.7894259095191956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173163844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1761440","display_name":"Multispectral image","level":2,"score":0.770728588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7003140449523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6171873211860657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5229447484016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779757391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002292","display_name":"Image translation","level":3,"score":0.4819593131542206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43987634778022766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.40845924615859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.40168023109436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3863670229911804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813x.2023.2165723","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/21929809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Multispectral_Maritime_Target_classification_based_on_ThermalGAN_RGB-to-Thermal_Image_Translation_/21929809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.21929809.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21929809.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/21929809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_Novel_Multispectral_Maritime_Target_classification_based_on_ThermalGAN_RGB-to-Thermal_Image_Translation_/21929809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402621","display_name":"INDIGO (University of Illinois at Chicago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","host_organization_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1910108985","https://openalex.org/W1936798282","https://openalex.org/W1963882359","https://openalex.org/W1972420097","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2083366168","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2127934090","https://openalex.org/W2251201217","https://openalex.org/W2394595923","https://openalex.org/W2618113336","https://openalex.org/W2727318261","https://openalex.org/W2786644902","https://openalex.org/W2802042319","https://openalex.org/W2805605816","https://openalex.org/W2887963841","https://openalex.org/W2890928948","https://openalex.org/W2947500653","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2971542795","https://openalex.org/W2972491066","https://openalex.org/W3107538688","https://openalex.org/W3110514869","https://openalex.org/W3119919588","https://openalex.org/W3152378581","https://openalex.org/W3155892032","https://openalex.org/W3184767295","https://openalex.org/W3193997983","https://openalex.org/W3205667657","https://openalex.org/W4251635758","https://openalex.org/W4281613351","https://openalex.org/W4283586027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318664220","https://openalex.org/W2792279927","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W2035257606","https://openalex.org/W4385497869","https://openalex.org/W283587633","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"Neural":[1],"Networks":[2],"(CNN)":[3],"for":[4,47,79,166],"ship":[5,29,104,193],"classification":[6,70],"in":[7,15,20,189],"multi-spectral":[8],"images":[9,117],"(RGB,":[10],"IR,":[11],"etc.)":[12],"is":[13,36,41,77,186],"proposed":[14,51,107,170],"this":[16],"paper.":[17],"Recent":[18],"developments":[19],"deep":[21],"learning":[22],"have":[23],"significantly":[24],"advanced":[25],"the":[26,61,69,90,100,135,160,173,176,190],"field":[27,191],"of":[28,93,102,175,192],"recognition.":[30,194],"However,":[31],"since":[32],"maritime":[33],"light":[34],"intensity":[35],"frequently":[37],"disturbed,":[38],"multispectral":[39],"imaging":[40],"considered":[42],"a":[43,108,124],"more":[44],"robust":[45],"substitute":[46],"RGB":[48,116,140],"imaging.":[49],"The":[50,144],"architectures":[52],"were":[53,130],"fine-tuned":[54],"after":[55],"being":[56],"trained":[57],"from":[58],"scratch":[59],"on":[60],"publicly":[62],"available":[63],"dataset":[64,150,162],"VAIS":[65,161],"(RGB-IR":[66],"pairs).":[67],"Unfortunately,":[68],"results":[71],"plateaued":[72],"at":[73],"59.74%":[74,182],"accuracy,":[75],"which":[76,185],"unsatisfactory":[78],"most":[80],"real-life":[81],"applications.":[82],"Such":[83],"an":[84,139],"accuracy":[85,174],"wall":[86],"was":[87,151,163],"due":[88],"to":[89,98,118,132,141,153,183],"small":[91],"number":[92],"training":[94],"images.":[95],"In":[96],"order":[97],"overcome":[99],"scarcity":[101],"IR":[103,142],"images,":[105],"we":[106],"novel":[109],"image":[110,148,157],"data":[111],"augmentation":[112],"strategy":[113],"that":[114],"translates":[115],"IR.":[119],"A":[120],"Pix2Pix":[121],"model":[122],"and":[123],"Generative":[125],"Adversarial":[126],"Network":[127],"(GAN)":[128],"network":[129,171,178],"modified":[131],"carry":[133],"out":[134],"generation":[136],"process":[137],"as":[138],"translator.":[143],"KAIST":[145],"general-purpose":[146],"RGB-IR":[147],"pairs":[149],"used":[152],"train":[154],"our":[155],"RGB-to-IR":[156],"translator,":[158],"whereas":[159],"held":[164],"aside":[165],"validation":[167],"purposes.":[168],"Our":[169],"improved":[172],"native":[177],"by":[179],"8%":[180],"(from":[181],"67.74%),":[184],"fairly":[187],"satisfactory":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}