{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2168700136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281398146842","title":"Analogy just looks like high level perception: why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right","display_name":"Analogy just looks like high level perception: why a domain-general approach to analogical mapping is right","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2168700136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281398146842","mag":"2168700136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/095281398146842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281398146842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental &amp; Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063358572","display_name":"Kenneth D. Forbus","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-5227"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KENNETH D. FORBUS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Learning Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Learning Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059715106","display_name":"Dedre Gentner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-6688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DEDRE GENTNER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Learning Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Learning Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046157332","display_name":"Arthur B. Markman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","display_name":"Columbia University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj8s172","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ARTHUR B. MARKMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Columbia University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Columbia University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011307642","display_name":"Ronald W. Ferguson","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"RONALD W. FERGUSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for the Learning Sciences"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for the Learning Sciences","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":29.9269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":106,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9946957,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"231","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogy","display_name":"Analogy","score":0.990493893623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copycat","display_name":"Copycat","score":0.8871326446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7265309691429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"Metaphor","score":0.705758273601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.6536325216293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.6391844153404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.5493785738945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analogical-reasoning","display_name":"Analogical reasoning","score":0.5268512964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5192891955375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44755178689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4273649752140045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.42540520429611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35229623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.15674856305122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.11402943730354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10576474666595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08845826983451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.08084505796432495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521332185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogy","level":2,"score":0.990493893623352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130191384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2996887","display_name":"Copycat","level":2,"score":0.8871326446533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7265309691429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.705758273601532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6536325216293335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.6391844153404236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5493785738945007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985612853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185816","display_name":"Analogical reasoning","level":3,"score":0.5268512964248657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5192891955375671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44755178689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4273649752140045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.42540520429611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35229623317718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.15674856305122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11402943730354309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10576474666595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08845826983451843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.08084505796432495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/095281398146842","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281398146842","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental &amp; Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.19.2854","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.19.2854","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.psy.utexas.edu/psy/faculty/Markman/JETAI98.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.385.5962","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.385.5962","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://groups.psych.northwestern.edu/gentner/papers/ForbusGentner98.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.603.7539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.603.7539","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.qrg.northwestern.edu/papers/files/analogy_just_looks_like_1998_gentner.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:ADA465997","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&amp;verb=getRecord&amp;metadataPrefix=html&amp;identifier=ADA465997","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2751752","https://openalex.org/W31970964","https://openalex.org/W38161365","https://openalex.org/W81339653","https://openalex.org/W106742611","https://openalex.org/W118351535","https://openalex.org/W152390140","https://openalex.org/W1481251089","https://openalex.org/W1486477330","https://openalex.org/W1488252886","https://openalex.org/W1488804157","https://openalex.org/W1500151553","https://openalex.org/W1525136198","https://openalex.org/W1541276362","https://openalex.org/W1542036844","https://openalex.org/W1579248359","https://openalex.org/W1596717217","https://openalex.org/W1608554834","https://openalex.org/W1784944639","https://openalex.org/W1909857068","https://openalex.org/W1969949803","https://openalex.org/W1970185999","https://openalex.org/W1978515190","https://openalex.org/W1979104110","https://openalex.org/W1984871604","https://openalex.org/W1989304657","https://openalex.org/W1994335990","https://openalex.org/W1995921430","https://openalex.org/W2003534453","https://openalex.org/W2003611983","https://openalex.org/W2009407994","https://openalex.org/W2011343193","https://openalex.org/W2018114432","https://openalex.org/W2019270863","https://openalex.org/W2026161499","https://openalex.org/W2035701280","https://openalex.org/W2039336675","https://openalex.org/W2044090500","https://openalex.org/W2047774874","https://openalex.org/W2049188915","https://openalex.org/W2050375379","https://openalex.org/W2051768896","https://openalex.org/W2053190303","https://openalex.org/W2054586236","https://openalex.org/W2058280306","https://openalex.org/W2060093866","https://openalex.org/W2076527315","https://openalex.org/W2078294512","https://openalex.org/W2079783775","https://openalex.org/W2089426038","https://openalex.org/W2095629646","https://openalex.org/W2099550752","https://openalex.org/W2118554906","https://openalex.org/W2121064849","https://openalex.org/W2124439780","https://openalex.org/W2126714349","https://openalex.org/W2128922142","https://openalex.org/W2130795738","https://openalex.org/W2135555967","https://openalex.org/W2144343387","https://openalex.org/W2145454741","https://openalex.org/W2149784830","https://openalex.org/W2153499823","https://openalex.org/W2156159857","https://openalex.org/W2178394434","https://openalex.org/W2462760523","https://openalex.org/W2474715655","https://openalex.org/W2599276638","https://openalex.org/W2605141627","https://openalex.org/W2612947940","https://openalex.org/W2621208586","https://openalex.org/W2775371498","https://openalex.org/W2913703059","https://openalex.org/W3000528734","https://openalex.org/W3012691178","https://openalex.org/W3128452343","https://openalex.org/W4248640285","https://openalex.org/W4254080801","https://openalex.org/W4300695037"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3023245388","https://openalex.org/W200712237","https://openalex.org/W1585721873","https://openalex.org/W2168700136","https://openalex.org/W1589583416","https://openalex.org/W2357162860","https://openalex.org/W2376511922","https://openalex.org/W4297883695","https://openalex.org/W2015035247","https://openalex.org/W1035131874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hofstadter":[0],"and":[1,24,48,74,81,113,177],"his":[2],"colleagues":[3],"have":[4],"criticized":[5],"current":[6],"accounts":[7,13],"of":[8,21,26,39,64,86,107,175,186,189],"analogy,":[9,176],"claiming":[10],"that":[11,31,43,70,105,120,123],"such":[12,78],"do":[14],"not":[15],"accurately":[16],"capture":[17],"interactions":[18],"between":[19],"processes":[20,25],"representation":[22,46],"construction":[23],"mapping.":[27],"They":[28,57],"suggest":[29],"instead":[30,76],"analogy":[32,124,161],"should":[33,169],"be":[34,139,170],"viewed":[35],"as":[36,50,79,84,141],"a":[37,54,142,163,187],"form":[38],"high":[40,88],"level":[41,89],"perception":[42,90],"encompasses":[44],"both":[45,202],"building":[47],"mapping":[49],"indivisible":[51],"operations":[52],"within":[53],"single":[55],"model.":[56],"argue":[58,96,119],"specifically":[59],"against":[60,97],"SME,":[61],"our":[62,193],"model":[63,188],"analogical":[65],"matching,":[66],"on":[67,147],"the":[68,87,121,173,183],"grounds":[69],"it":[71],"is":[72,125,135,162],"modular,":[73],"offer":[75],"programs":[77],"Mitchell":[80],"Hofstadter's":[82],"Copycat":[83,114],"examples":[85,196],"approach.":[91],"In":[92],"this":[93,98],"paper":[94],"we":[95,103,118],"positionon":[99],"two":[100],"grounds.":[101],"First,":[102],"demonstrate":[104],"most":[106],"their":[108],"specific":[109],"arguments":[110],"involving":[111],"SME":[112],"are":[115],"incorrect.":[116],"Second,":[117],"claim":[122],"high-level":[126],"perception,":[127],"while":[128],"in":[129,157,172],"some":[130],"ways":[131],"an":[132],"attractive":[133],"metaphor,":[134],"too":[136],"vague":[137],"to":[138,153,181],"useful":[140],"technical":[143],"proposal.":[144],"We":[145,191],"focus":[146],"five":[148],"issues:":[149],"(1)":[150],"how":[151,155,167,179],"perceptionrelates":[152],"analogy,(2)":[154],"flexibilityarises":[156],"analogicalprocessing,":[158],"(3)":[159],"whether":[160],"domain-general":[164],"process,":[165],"(4)":[166],"micro-worlds":[168],"used":[171],"study":[174],"(5)":[178],"best":[180],"assess":[182],"psychological":[184],"plausibility":[185],"analogy.":[190],"illustrate":[192],"discussion":[194],"with":[195],"taken":[197],"from":[198],"computer":[199],"models":[200],"embodying":[201],"views.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
