{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1979384571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281396147375","title":"Confusion, social knowledge and the design of intelligent machines","display_name":"Confusion, social knowledge and the design of intelligent machines","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1979384571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281396147375","mag":"1979384571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/095281396147375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281396147375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental &amp; Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035546392","display_name":"Edgar A. Whitley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-0814"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Edgar A. Whitley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035546392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75193058,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3-4","first_page":"365","last_page":"381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.8104000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14394","display_name":"Cognitive Science and Education Research","score":0.8104000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12002","display_name":"Computability, Logic, AI Algorithms","score":0.7853000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confusion","display_name":"Confusion","score":0.956226110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8139646053314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3993679881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.339444100856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09502217173576355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781140086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557945","display_name":"Confusion","level":2,"score":0.956226110458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8139646053314209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3993679881095886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.339444100856781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09502217173576355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/095281396147375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/095281396147375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental &amp; Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.lse.ac.uk:27191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1779-0814>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401594","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lse.ac.uk:27191","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/tf/0952813X.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401593","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","host_organization_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W216499477","https://openalex.org/W651838667","https://openalex.org/W1551076580","https://openalex.org/W1556556153","https://openalex.org/W1587351978","https://openalex.org/W1593975901","https://openalex.org/W1895273801","https://openalex.org/W1963676179","https://openalex.org/W1981582063","https://openalex.org/W2011669033","https://openalex.org/W2014151618","https://openalex.org/W2026645894","https://openalex.org/W2040208190","https://openalex.org/W2081406068","https://openalex.org/W2086468910","https://openalex.org/W2092207024","https://openalex.org/W2129264276","https://openalex.org/W2154178038","https://openalex.org/W2161466446","https://openalex.org/W2315385127","https://openalex.org/W2324451738","https://openalex.org/W4229915429","https://openalex.org/W4235073904","https://openalex.org/W4246354862","https://openalex.org/W4252948732","https://openalex.org/W4301167667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1982477181","https://openalex.org/W4285488523","https://openalex.org/W2407837381","https://openalex.org/W2011367623","https://openalex.org/W2734065904","https://openalex.org/W2049289069","https://openalex.org/W2067843453","https://openalex.org/W4239320552","https://openalex.org/W2392692716"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,52],"paper":[1,69],"explores":[2],"the":[3,11,22,33,45,48,79,85,89,93],"notion":[4],"of":[5,13,25,35,47,81,92],"confusion":[6,36,40,49,63,82],"as":[7],"it":[8,19,65],"applies":[9],"to":[10,62,77,87],"design":[12,90],"intelligent":[14,58],"machines":[15,59],"and":[16,37],"suggests":[17],"that":[18,75],"arises":[20],"from":[21],"social":[23],"nature":[24],"knowledge.":[26],"It":[27],"provides":[28],"a":[29,72],"framework":[30],"for":[31],"analysing":[32],"causes":[34],"shows":[38],"how":[39,57],"normally":[41],"reveals":[42],"itself":[43],"after":[44],"cause":[46],"has":[50],"occurred.":[51],"places":[53],"practical":[54],"limitations":[55],"on":[56],"can":[60],"react":[61],"when":[64],"is":[66],"noticed.":[67],"The":[68],"also":[70],"describes":[71],"prototype":[73],"system":[74],"aims":[76],"minimize":[78],"effects":[80],"by":[83],"allowing":[84],"users":[86],"explore":[88],"rationale":[91],"system.":[94]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
