{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091225301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139508953808","title":"Heuristic improvement through triangulation","display_name":"Heuristic improvement through triangulation","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091225301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139508953808","mag":"2091225301"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528139508953808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139508953808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103838151","display_name":"Peter Nelson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PETER C. NELSON","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (M/C 154) , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA E-mail: email: nelson@eecs.uic.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (M/C 154) , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA E-mail: email: nelson@eecs.uic.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086949613","display_name":"CHRISTOPHER M. LAIN","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39422238","display_name":"University of Illinois Chicago","ror":"https://ror.org/02mpq6x41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHRISTOPHER M. LAIN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (M/C 154) , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA E-mail: email: nelson@eecs.uic.edu","University of Illinois at Chicago"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (M/C 154) , University of Illinois at Chicago , Chicago, Illinois, 60680, USA E-mail: email: nelson@eecs.uic.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Chicago","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39422238"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22671587,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"2","first_page":"237","last_page":"251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.8762140274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7378879189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equidistant","display_name":"Equidistant","score":0.6660427451133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.6483761072158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6452779769897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triangulation","display_name":"Triangulation","score":0.5733606815338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.5444037914276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5394938588142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4541345536708832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.439981609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-geometry","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","score":0.4277823269367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.42249345779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24981701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21912726759910583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.8762140274047852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7378879189491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158245278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386982","display_name":"Equidistant","level":2,"score":0.6660427451133728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6483761072158813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6452779769897461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135981907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188056","display_name":"Triangulation","level":2,"score":0.5733606815338135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.5444037914276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5394938588142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4541345536708832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.439981609582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129782007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162886","display_name":"Euclidean geometry","level":2,"score":0.4277823269367218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.42249345779418945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24981701374053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21912726759910583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528139508953808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139508953808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48933905","https://openalex.org/W187834424","https://openalex.org/W1665125453","https://openalex.org/W2110415190","https://openalex.org/W2152475379","https://openalex.org/W4206524666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090152127","https://openalex.org/W1965169884","https://openalex.org/W3125580510","https://openalex.org/W2008939113","https://openalex.org/W14679004","https://openalex.org/W1566651525","https://openalex.org/W2977652649","https://openalex.org/W2318206461","https://openalex.org/W37157938","https://openalex.org/W4298154183"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2,122],"presents":[3],"a":[4,10,16,33,52,72,77,90,127,145],"method":[5],"for":[6,89,98,131,141],"improving":[7],"heuristics":[8,149],"using":[9,15,114],"triangulation":[11,116],"technique.":[12,117],"Instead":[13],"of":[14,79,93,126,147],"heuristic":[17,39,54],"to":[18,40,50,61,71,102],"directly":[19],"estimate":[20],"distance":[21,48],"(X1,":[22],"X2)":[23],"between":[24],"nodes":[25,58],"X1":[26],"and":[27,42,44,152,161,168],"X2,":[28],"the":[29,38,46,115,124,159],"proposed":[30],"technique":[31,171],"selects":[32],"reference":[34,74,82,133,138],"node":[35,84,109,139],"Ri":[36],"applies":[37],"(X1,Ri)":[41],"(X2,Ri),":[43],"uses":[45],"Euclidean":[47],"formula":[49],"calculate":[51],"new":[53,128],"value.":[55],"If":[56],"two":[57],"are":[59],"close":[60],"each":[62],"other,":[63],"then":[64],"they":[65,154],"should":[66],"also":[67],"be":[68,87],"approximately":[69],"equidistant":[70],"third":[73],"node.":[75],"Utilizing":[76],"set":[78],"many":[80],"such":[81],"nodes,":[83,134],"expansions":[85,110],"can":[86],"reduced":[88],"large":[91],"class":[92],"heuristics.":[94,173],"Very":[95],"early":[96],"results":[97,119],"this":[99,121,170],"method,":[100],"referred":[101],"as":[103],"multi-dimensional":[104,148],"heuristics,":[105],"showed":[106],"that":[107],"fewer":[108],"were":[111],"needed":[112],"when":[113],"New":[118],"in":[120],"include":[123],"development":[125],"learning":[129],"procedure":[130],"selecting":[132],"experimentation":[135],"on":[136],"reusing":[137],"sets":[140],"multiple":[142],"goal":[143],"instances,":[144],"comparison":[146],"with":[150],"weighting":[151],"how":[153,167],"dynamically":[155],"weight":[156],"states":[157],"near":[158],"goal,":[160],"some":[162],"observations":[163],"which":[164],"help":[165],"explain":[166],"why":[169],"improves":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}