{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2064527764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139108915295","title":"Searle's AI program","display_name":"Searle's AI program","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2064527764","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139108915295","mag":"2064527764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528139108915295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139108915295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059657954","display_name":"Kevin B. Korb","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119109","display_name":"Indiana University Bloomington","ror":"https://ror.org/02k40bc56","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109","https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"KEVIN B. KORB\u2217","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405 E-mail: kkorb@ucs.indiana.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of History and Philosophy of Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405 E-mail: kkorb@ucs.indiana.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059657954"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119109"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4747,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68559686,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"283","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10258","display_name":"Philosophy and Theoretical Science","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11953","display_name":"Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8028355836868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consciousness","display_name":"Consciousness","score":0.6990450024604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.6862922310829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.6601420044898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5786597728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.5158385634422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.5077697038650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.47375208139419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-general-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","score":0.44432199001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.3900160789489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1558329463005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.14779892563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12426942586898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.11935627460479736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8028355836868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.6990450024604797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6862922310829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6601420044898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5786597728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.5158385634422302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.5077697038650513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.47375208139419556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.44432199001312256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3900160789489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1558329463005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14779892563819885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12426942586898804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.11935627460479736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528139108915295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528139108915295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W90032108","https://openalex.org/W1515497241","https://openalex.org/W1548260106","https://openalex.org/W1570047706","https://openalex.org/W1979961216","https://openalex.org/W2009942101","https://openalex.org/W2039590334","https://openalex.org/W2049834379","https://openalex.org/W2051275520","https://openalex.org/W2060009211","https://openalex.org/W2068907912","https://openalex.org/W2094259802","https://openalex.org/W2109334311","https://openalex.org/W2110710591","https://openalex.org/W2132766911","https://openalex.org/W2169316270","https://openalex.org/W2251410821","https://openalex.org/W2327370788","https://openalex.org/W3162439866","https://openalex.org/W4231809946","https://openalex.org/W4232288974"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2749324135","https://openalex.org/W2139079562","https://openalex.org/W114687057","https://openalex.org/W2908433117","https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W2969604939","https://openalex.org/W2378306841","https://openalex.org/W4365205341","https://openalex.org/W4297985704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"John":[0],"Searle":[1,72],"has":[2,34],"used":[3],"his":[4],"Chinese":[5],"room":[6],"example":[7],"to":[8,37,49,69,87,98,146],"attack":[9],"the":[10,50,89],"idea":[11],"of":[12,52,64],"computationally":[13,137],"reproducing":[14],"intelligence.":[15],"His":[16],"arguments":[17,40,140],"have":[18,101],"variously":[19],"assumed":[20],"or":[21,44,55],"(more":[22],"recently)":[23],"asserted":[24],"that":[25,71,80,91,124,133],"consciousness":[26,128,134],"and":[27,67,76],"intelligence":[28,92,117],"are":[29,144],"necessarily":[30],"interdependent.":[31],"This":[32],"stance":[33],"allowed":[35],"him":[36],"apply":[38],"intuitive":[39],"about":[41,127],"what":[42,53],"could":[43,45,54,56],"not":[46,57,122],"be":[47,58,129,136],"conscious":[48],"issue":[51],"intelligent.":[59],"I":[60],"present":[61],"a":[62,102],"variety":[63],"arguments,":[65],"theoretical":[66],"intuitive,":[68],"show":[70],"is":[73],"conflating":[74],"mentality":[75],"semantics.":[77],"By":[78],"maintaining":[79],"distinction":[81],"we":[82,100],"can":[83],"then":[84],"address":[85],"how":[86],"generate":[88],"semantics":[90,108],"requires.":[93],"In":[94],"Stevan":[95],"Hamad's":[96],"approach":[97],"symbol-grounding":[99],"plausible":[103],"candidate":[104],"for":[105],"finding":[106],"referential":[107],"without":[109],"taking":[110],"detours":[111],"through":[112],"an":[113],"unanalysable":[114],"consciouness.":[115],"Artificial":[116],"as":[118],"normally":[119],"construed":[120],"does":[121],"require":[123],"philosophical":[125],"problems":[126],"resolved,":[130],"let":[131],"alone":[132],"should":[135],"definable:":[138],"Searle's":[139],"against":[141],"strong":[142],"AI":[143],"irrelevant":[145],"real-world":[147],"AI.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}