{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2080742838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528130310001659683","title":"Dynamics of an artificial immune network","display_name":"Dynamics of an artificial immune network","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2080742838","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528130310001659683","mag":"2080742838"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528130310001659683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528130310001659683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036119057","display_name":"Leandro Nunes de Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3409-4589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180669731","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Santos","ror":"https://ror.org/00vcyhn10","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180669731"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leandro Nunes De Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos), R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a, 144 Santos/SP, 11070-906, Brazil E-mail: lnunes@unisantos.br","Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos) , R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a , 144 Santos/SP, 11070-906, Brazil E-mail: lnunes@unisantos.br"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos), R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a, 144 Santos/SP, 11070-906, Brazil E-mail: lnunes@unisantos.br","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180669731"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Catholic University of Santos (UniSantos) , R. Dr. Carvalho de Mendon\u00e7a , 144 Santos/SP, 11070-906, Brazil E-mail: lnunes@unisantos.br","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180669731"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036119057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180669731"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13285913,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"39"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.9822999835014343,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10621","display_name":"Gene Regulatory Network Analysis","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.783449649810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-immune-system","display_name":"Artificial immune system","score":0.6992345452308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5319300889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4925990700721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadynamics","display_name":"Metadynamics","score":0.4273204207420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4134005904197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.35961735248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.10677564144134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.0913475751876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/molecular-dynamics","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","score":0.0810699462890625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.783449649810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93768804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518735","display_name":"Artificial immune system","level":2,"score":0.6992345452308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5319300889968872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4925990700721741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62752575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822487","display_name":"Metadynamics","level":3,"score":0.4273204207420349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4134005904197693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35961735248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.10677564144134521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0913475751876831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59593255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","level":2,"score":0.0810699462890625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147597530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369472","display_name":"Computational chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09528130310001659683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09528130310001659683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153467142","display_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","issn_l":"0952-813X","issn":["0952-813X","1362-3079"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W29164706","https://openalex.org/W81293824","https://openalex.org/W228141753","https://openalex.org/W632353668","https://openalex.org/W758742066","https://openalex.org/W1480798532","https://openalex.org/W1481024111","https://openalex.org/W1481731616","https://openalex.org/W1502964237","https://openalex.org/W1508951362","https://openalex.org/W1509571504","https://openalex.org/W1517781785","https://openalex.org/W1539179487","https://openalex.org/W1547263336","https://openalex.org/W1551186452","https://openalex.org/W1566766802","https://openalex.org/W1580886426","https://openalex.org/W1712546432","https://openalex.org/W1967309585","https://openalex.org/W1971201122","https://openalex.org/W1972079529","https://openalex.org/W1976328145","https://openalex.org/W1978150150","https://openalex.org/W1978243065","https://openalex.org/W1978970913","https://openalex.org/W1985185356","https://openalex.org/W1987153941","https://openalex.org/W1994103644","https://openalex.org/W1999033892","https://openalex.org/W1999098380","https://openalex.org/W2000599085","https://openalex.org/W2000802646","https://openalex.org/W2003652884","https://openalex.org/W2005256561","https://openalex.org/W2010150441","https://openalex.org/W2018416540","https://openalex.org/W2024276432","https://openalex.org/W2033133709","https://openalex.org/W2033303301","https://openalex.org/W2036814634","https://openalex.org/W2050188367","https://openalex.org/W2069457154","https://openalex.org/W2075912154","https://openalex.org/W2076526693","https://openalex.org/W2088407918","https://openalex.org/W2106903691","https://openalex.org/W2107172243","https://openalex.org/W2107691235","https://openalex.org/W2110812474","https://openalex.org/W2114124794","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2126554879","https://openalex.org/W2130989905","https://openalex.org/W2145085734","https://openalex.org/W2157122594","https://openalex.org/W2169008496","https://openalex.org/W2284330674","https://openalex.org/W2332126478","https://openalex.org/W2504494713","https://openalex.org/W3121147667","https://openalex.org/W3148444946","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4211183651","https://openalex.org/W4237164190","https://openalex.org/W4238071526","https://openalex.org/W4253067835","https://openalex.org/W4254300870","https://openalex.org/W4299731417","https://openalex.org/W4300402905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W189527659","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2076610045","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W1522515376","https://openalex.org/W2135470563","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W1571518467","https://openalex.org/W87991986","https://openalex.org/W4286629047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"immune":[1,67,73],"systems":[2,6,97],"(AIS)":[3],"are":[4,24,124,143],"adaptive":[5],"developed":[7],"by":[8,106],"taking":[9],"inspiration":[10],"from":[11,56],"theoretical":[12,99,109],"and":[13,16,29,34,47,51,77,98,115,121,126,141],"experimental":[14,57],"immunology":[15],"targeted":[17],"at":[18,27],"solving":[19],"complex":[20],"problems.":[21],"Theoretical":[22],"models":[23,87],"basically":[25],"aimed":[26],"aiding":[28],"providing":[30],"a":[31],"more":[32,108],"qualitative":[33,91],"quantitative":[35],"description":[36],"of":[37,49,54,64,94,104],"the":[38,45,52,62,95,107],"biological":[39,96],"system":[40],"they":[41],"model,":[42],"sometimes":[43],"allowing":[44],"prediction":[46],"design":[48],"experiments,":[50],"recovery":[53],"information":[55],"set-ups.":[58],"This":[59],"paper":[60],"describes":[61],"dynamics":[63],"one":[65],"artificial":[66,72],"network":[68,134],"model":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"systems,":[74],"named":[75],"aiNet,":[76],"demonstrates":[78],"through":[79],"empirical":[80],"results":[81],"that":[82],"even":[83],"these":[84],"highly":[85],"simplified":[86],"may":[88],"present":[89],"several":[90],"behaviours":[92],"typical":[93],"models;":[100],"thus":[101],"being":[102],"worthy":[103],"attention":[105],"community.":[110],"In":[111],"particular,":[112],"clonal":[113],"selection":[114],"expansion,":[116],"affinity":[117],"maturation,":[118],"primary,":[119],"secondary":[120],"cross-reactive":[122],"responses":[123],"studied,":[125],"demonstrated":[127],"to":[128],"be":[129],"observable":[130],"in":[131],"aiNet.":[132],"Immune":[133],"features,":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"self-organization,":[138],"dynamics,":[139],"connectivity":[140],"metadynamics":[142],"also":[144],"discussed.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}