{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041011138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","title":"Frequency, Dispersion and Abstractness in the Lexical Sophistication Analysis of A Learner-Based Word Bank: Dimensionality Reduction and Identification","display_name":"Frequency, Dispersion and Abstractness in the Lexical Sophistication Analysis of A Learner-Based Word Bank: Dimensionality Reduction and Identification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041011138","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","mag":"3041011138"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035330165","display_name":"Haomin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-1625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haomin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-1625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003277904","display_name":"Yuting Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7604-9802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuting Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100399159","display_name":"Xing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3589-7463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039923548","display_name":"Liuran Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuran Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035330165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53672829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"195","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-lists-by-frequency","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","score":0.6281229853630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6271523237228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.587310791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.5709093809127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5685173273086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5362616777420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.47566646337509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.4229072630405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36260128021240234}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175293574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q697133","display_name":"Word lists by frequency","level":3,"score":0.6281229853630066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6271523237228394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.587310791015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.5709093809127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5685173273086548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5362616777420044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.47566646337509155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.4229072630405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36260128021240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777530160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41796","display_name":"Sentence","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2020.1782716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4056983518","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017ECNU-HLYT007; 2018ECNU-QKT015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W136568931","https://openalex.org/W249922076","https://openalex.org/W589615080","https://openalex.org/W1509228788","https://openalex.org/W1514242939","https://openalex.org/W1569737621","https://openalex.org/W1908746636","https://openalex.org/W1964548530","https://openalex.org/W1974388374","https://openalex.org/W1981352964","https://openalex.org/W2034849674","https://openalex.org/W2036367260","https://openalex.org/W2057525273","https://openalex.org/W2063202923","https://openalex.org/W2072094567","https://openalex.org/W2102183569","https://openalex.org/W2102866687","https://openalex.org/W2103295025","https://openalex.org/W2106695994","https://openalex.org/W2114811706","https://openalex.org/W2123764431","https://openalex.org/W2142726412","https://openalex.org/W2503119484","https://openalex.org/W2521182896","https://openalex.org/W2598654328","https://openalex.org/W2601349024","https://openalex.org/W2757007013","https://openalex.org/W3046946044","https://openalex.org/W4229712533"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241263575","https://openalex.org/W2317823609","https://openalex.org/W3130462184","https://openalex.org/W2111466409","https://openalex.org/W323241333","https://openalex.org/W65596523","https://openalex.org/W117922251","https://openalex.org/W1560699798","https://openalex.org/W2566821905","https://openalex.org/W2149808422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"current":[1],"study":[2],"incorporated":[3],"a":[4,23,28,34,96,122],"number":[5],"of":[6,15,22,48,59,64,77,144,163,171],"lexical":[7,78,132,174],"sophistication":[8,79,133,175],"indices":[9,134],"including":[10],"frequency,":[11,60],"dispersion":[12,61,94,149,172],"and":[13,33,53,62,108,176,182],"abstractness":[14,63,109],"words.":[16],"A":[17],"learner-based":[18,118],"word":[19,66,106,119,145,164],"bank":[20,67],"(inclusive":[21],"Chinese":[24,29,35],"middle-school":[25],"vocabulary":[26,31,37],"list,":[27],"high-school":[30],"list":[32],"college-English-test":[36],"list)":[38],"was":[39,95,150],"manually":[40],"coded":[41],"based":[42],"on":[43,73,85,100,168],"two":[44],"existing":[45],"corpora:":[46],"Corpus":[47,56],"Contemporary":[49],"American":[50],"English":[51],"(COCA)":[52],"British":[54],"National":[55],"(BNC).":[57],"Indices":[58],"the":[65,74,86,90,113,117,141,154,160,169,177],"were":[68,110],"analysed":[69],"to":[70,152,158],"shed":[71],"light":[72],"predetermined":[75],"categorization":[76],"among":[80,140],"second":[81],"language":[82],"learners.":[83],"Based":[84],"principal":[87],"component":[88],"analysis,":[89],"results":[91],"demonstrated":[92],"that":[93,131],"unique":[97],"factor":[98,115],"loaded":[99],"all":[101],"entered":[102],"eight":[103],"variables":[104],"while":[105],"frequency":[107,181],"extracted":[111],"by":[112],"same":[114],"in":[116,135,173,180],"bank.":[120],"Moreover,":[121],"follow-up":[123],"MANOVA":[124],"analysis":[125],"with":[126],"post":[127],"hoc":[128],"comparisons":[129],"showed":[130],"general":[136],"produced":[137],"pronounced":[138],"differences":[139],"three":[142,161],"levels":[143,162],"lists.":[146,165],"More":[147],"critically,":[148],"found":[151],"be":[153],"only":[155],"significant":[156],"indicator":[157],"differentiate":[159],"Discussion":[166],"centred":[167],"uniqueness":[170],"shared":[178],"algorithm":[179],"abstractness.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
