{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2783800990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","title":"Levels of Statistical Use in Applied Linguistics Research Articles: From 1986 to 2015","display_name":"Levels of Statistical Use in Applied Linguistics Research Articles: From 1986 to 2015","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2783800990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","mag":"2783800990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025432448","display_name":"Reza Khany","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116604","display_name":"Ilam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r277z15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116604"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Reza Khany","raw_affiliation_strings":["English department, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English department, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079336034","display_name":"Khalil Tazik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0168-3400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116604","display_name":"Ilam University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r277z15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116604"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalil Tazik","raw_affiliation_strings":["English department, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"English department, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116604"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025432448"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116604"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5091,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83863223,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"65"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.9437999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sophistication","display_name":"Sophistication","score":0.8394052982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/descriptive-statistics","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","score":0.543666422367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-analysis","display_name":"Statistical analysis","score":0.5162777304649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5051594376564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4788658320903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.44845032691955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.4416692554950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3471570611000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.3202756643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.3126868009567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.27109581232070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.20363235473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.16193950176239014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168725872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q991663","display_name":"Sophistication","level":2,"score":0.8394052982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.543666422367096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.5162777304649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5051594376564026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4788658320903778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.44845032691955566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4416692554950714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3471570611000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3202756643295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3126868009567261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.27109581232070923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.20363235473632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.16193950176239014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296174.2017.1421498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W262950585","https://openalex.org/W344114592","https://openalex.org/W1548247384","https://openalex.org/W1607752461","https://openalex.org/W1640197005","https://openalex.org/W1673969639","https://openalex.org/W1714723801","https://openalex.org/W2003011846","https://openalex.org/W2006181802","https://openalex.org/W2046551049","https://openalex.org/W2048430548","https://openalex.org/W2053518594","https://openalex.org/W2086971996","https://openalex.org/W2095143685","https://openalex.org/W2107616464","https://openalex.org/W2113986003","https://openalex.org/W2115050143","https://openalex.org/W2123776672","https://openalex.org/W2146389496","https://openalex.org/W2153646932","https://openalex.org/W2162195259","https://openalex.org/W2171052005","https://openalex.org/W2172680402","https://openalex.org/W2240263748","https://openalex.org/W2276894869","https://openalex.org/W2323396302","https://openalex.org/W2323845704","https://openalex.org/W2408898666","https://openalex.org/W2941212369","https://openalex.org/W4233767741","https://openalex.org/W4233867811","https://openalex.org/W4237351940","https://openalex.org/W4246461059","https://openalex.org/W4250395967","https://openalex.org/W4388711035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4240106746","https://openalex.org/W4230369419","https://openalex.org/W2954772049","https://openalex.org/W3214045955","https://openalex.org/W4387009549","https://openalex.org/W2810115322","https://openalex.org/W3214485701","https://openalex.org/W2370555679","https://openalex.org/W2588937422","https://openalex.org/W2946770433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,32,48],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,11,45,98,106,128,150,155],"this":[4],"study":[5],"is":[6,164],"to":[7,30,161,178],"assess":[8],"the":[9,24,53,78,95,107,129,142,156],"levels":[10],"statistical":[12,54,99,173],"use":[13],"(basic,":[14],"intermediate,":[15,118,135],"and":[16,37,52,63,90,119],"advanced)":[17],"in":[18,41,67,184],"Applied":[19,46,185],"Linguistics":[20,186],"research":[21,181],"articles":[22,49,182],"over":[23],"past":[25],"three":[26],"decades":[27],"(from":[28],"1986":[29,160],"2015).":[31],"corpus":[33],"included":[34],"4079":[35],"quantitative":[36],"mixed-methods":[38],"studies":[39],"published":[40,158,183],"ten":[42],"prominent":[43],"journals":[44],"Linguistics.":[47],"were":[50,57,75,109,131],"analysed":[51],"techniques":[55,108,130],"used":[56,81],"aggregated":[58],"by":[59,76,84],"two":[60],"current":[61],"writers":[62],"four":[64],"PhD":[65],"students":[66],"TEFL.":[68],"Results":[69],"showed":[70],"that":[71,166],"descriptive":[72],"statistics":[73,151],"(40.04%)":[74],"far":[77],"most":[79,127],"commonly":[80],"technique":[82],"followed":[83],"one-way":[85],"ANOVA":[86],"(14.91%),":[87],"t-test":[88],"(10.15%),":[89],"Pearson":[91],"correlation":[92],"(8.76%).":[93],"Regarding":[94],"sophistication":[96],"level":[97],"use,":[100],"about":[101],"78.77%":[102],"(n":[103,114,121],"=":[104,115,122],"4686)":[105],"classified":[110],"as":[111,117,124],"basic,":[112],"14.49%":[113],"862)":[116],"6.74%":[120],"401)":[123],"advanced.":[125],"Clearly,":[126],"either":[132],"basic":[133,148],"or":[134],"with":[136,147],"a":[137,145],"significant":[138],"higher":[139],"percentage":[140],"for":[141],"former.":[143],"So,":[144],"person":[146],"knowledge":[149,174],"could":[152],"understand":[153],"69.03%":[154],"papers":[157],"during":[159],"2015.":[162],"It":[163],"discussed":[165],"researchers":[167],"should":[168],"be":[169],"updated":[170],"on":[171],"recent":[172],"if":[175],"they":[176],"wish":[177],"statistically":[179],"comprehend":[180],"journals.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}