{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2049844234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170903211485","title":"Generation of a Model for Grapheme Frequencies and its Refinement and Validation by Group Theoretic Aspects","display_name":"Generation of a Model for Grapheme Frequencies and its Refinement and Validation by Group Theoretic Aspects","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2049844234","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170903211485","mag":"2049844234"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296170903211485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170903211485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064071797","display_name":"Hemlata Pande","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119311299","display_name":"Kumaun University","ror":"https://ror.org/038e9x269","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hemlata Pande","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Kumaun, India","Department of Mathematics , University of Kumaun , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Kumaun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Kumaun , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001370002","display_name":"H.S. Dhami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119311299","display_name":"Kumaun University","ror":"https://ror.org/038e9x269","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H. S. Dhami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Kumaun, India","Department of Mathematics , University of Kumaun , India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Kumaun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics , University of Kumaun , India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001370002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119311299"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12633425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"307","last_page":"326"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.8623999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.8623999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12292","display_name":"Graph Theory and Algorithms","score":0.7982000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10799","display_name":"Data Visualization and Analytics","score":0.7924000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grapheme","display_name":"Grapheme","score":0.9363679885864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.6270292401313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5365410447120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4294225871562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32749900221824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.32730013132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2852986454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12315282225608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06504279375076294}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776779415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2545446","display_name":"Grapheme","level":3,"score":0.9363679885864258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.6270292401313782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5365410447120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4294225871562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32749900221824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.32730013132095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2852986454963684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12315282225608826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06504279375076294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296170903211485","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170903211485","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7200000286102295}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320721","display_name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India","ror":"https://ror.org/021wm7p51"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500625549","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1601637950","https://openalex.org/W2044742133","https://openalex.org/W2050963206","https://openalex.org/W2054172178","https://openalex.org/W2067854309","https://openalex.org/W2078533942","https://openalex.org/W2087564746","https://openalex.org/W2096175520","https://openalex.org/W2097927681","https://openalex.org/W2120112909","https://openalex.org/W2125838338","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2792136407","https://openalex.org/W4206262995","https://openalex.org/W4231741839"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2506515307","https://openalex.org/W2060656088","https://openalex.org/W4385893898","https://openalex.org/W2383836440","https://openalex.org/W2610662399","https://openalex.org/W4285757703","https://openalex.org/W2509341624","https://openalex.org/W2057468170","https://openalex.org/W112480583","https://openalex.org/W3204019825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,56],"occurrences":[1],"of":[2,51,58,76,97,136,170],"graphemes":[3],"in":[4,48,99,123,130,154],"a":[5,18,69,85,163],"text":[6],"are":[7,114],"generally":[8],"determined":[9],"by":[10,149],"Zipf's":[11],"law.":[12],"In":[13,91],"an":[14,152],"attempt":[15],"to":[16,35,61,67,93,117,161],"develop":[17],"theoretical":[19,106],"model":[20,165],"for":[21,42,87,128,166],"grapheme":[22],"frequencies,":[23],"Grzybek":[24],"and":[25,32,74,81,108,133,139],"Kelih":[26],"have":[27,33,103,109],"tested":[28],"different":[29,62,112],"distribution":[30,41,60,144,169],"models":[31],"come":[34],"the":[36,49,52,77,88,95,100,124,155],"conclusion":[37],"that":[38,111,142],"rank":[39,167],"frequency":[40,143,168],"Slavic":[43],"languages":[44],"can":[45,145],"be":[46,147],"expressed":[47],"form":[50],"negative":[53],"hypergeometric":[54],"distribution.":[55],"application":[57],"this":[59],"corpora":[63],"has":[64,83,158],"led":[65,159],"us":[66,160],"derive":[68],"functional":[70],"relationship":[71],"between":[72],"ranks":[73,118,129],"letters":[75,98],"English":[78,171],"language":[79],"alphabet":[80],"thus":[82],"formed":[84],"platform":[86],"present":[89],"study.":[90],"order":[92],"identify":[94],"patterns":[96],"corpus,":[101],"we":[102],"applied":[104],"group":[105],"aspects":[107],"observed":[110],"rings":[113,138],"generated":[115],"corresponding":[116],"1,":[119],"2":[120],"having":[121],"values":[122],"range":[125],"23\u201326,":[126],"fields":[127,140],"ranges":[131],"3\u20139":[132],"10\u201322.":[134],"Applications":[135],"these":[137],"reveal":[141],"always":[146],"fitted":[148],"locally":[150],"adopting":[151],"equation":[153],"sets.":[156],"It":[157],"generate":[162],"general":[164],"texts.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}