{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2138631811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170512331383575","title":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Translation in the XXIst Century<sup>\u2217</sup>","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence and Machine Translation in the XXIst Century<sup>\u2217</sup>","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2138631811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170512331383575","mag":"2138631811"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296170512331383575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170512331383575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022665085","display_name":"Yuri Romanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101320","display_name":"Herzen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5ckr65","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Romanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083072766","display_name":"Natalia Zaytseva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-4979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101320","display_name":"Herzen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5ckr65","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Zaytseva","raw_affiliation_strings":["b  Department of the French and Spanish Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","Department of the French and Spanish Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b  Department of the French and Spanish Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the French and Spanish Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022078033","display_name":"Victor Zelko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101320","display_name":"Herzen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5ckr65","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Zelko","raw_affiliation_strings":["c  Department of the Oriental Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","Department of the Oriental Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"c  Department of the Oriental Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of the Oriental Languages The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alexander Romanov","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101320","display_name":"Herzen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5ckr65","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Romanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038675848","display_name":"Yuri Tovmach","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101320","display_name":"Herzen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5ckr65","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri Tovmach","raw_affiliation_strings":["a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a  Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Language Engineering Laboratory, The Herzen Pedagogical University of Russia St. Petersburg Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038554243","display_name":"Natalia Anikina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Natalia Anikina","raw_affiliation_strings":["d  Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel","Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"d  Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089055450","display_name":"Arkady Chaplia","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arkady Chaplia","raw_affiliation_strings":["e  Teldan Company Moshav Netaim D.N. Israel","Teldan Company Moshav Netaim D.N. Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"e  Teldan Company Moshav Netaim D.N. Israel","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teldan Company Moshav Netaim D.N. Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044583464","display_name":"Michael S. Blekhman","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Blekhman","raw_affiliation_strings":["f  Montreal University Montreal Canada","Montreal University Montreal Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"f  Montreal University Montreal Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Montreal University Montreal Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007781290","display_name":"Alexander Precup","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Precup","raw_affiliation_strings":["g  Kishinev University Moldova","Kishinev University Moldova"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"g  Kishinev University Moldova","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kishinev University Moldova","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077218421","display_name":"Voldemar Putin","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Voldemar Putin","raw_affiliation_strings":["h  IMRUSCAN Oy Imatra Finland","IMRUSCAN Oy Imatra Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"h  IMRUSCAN Oy Imatra Finland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMRUSCAN Oy Imatra Finland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15318193,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"215","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9390000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.7542341351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6559586524963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.607936441898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5430483222007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.4829068183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automaton","display_name":"Automaton","score":0.43878990411758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.4123244881629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.06004446744918823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.7542341351509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6559586524963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.607936441898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5430483222007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.4829068183898926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.43878990411758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.4123244881629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.06004446744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/09296170512331383575","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09296170512331383575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S24321443","display_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","issn_l":"0929-6174","issn":["0929-6174","1744-5035"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319847","host_organization_name":"Routledge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319847"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Routledge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Quantitative Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011059803","https://openalex.org/W2775554247","https://openalex.org/W2728761353","https://openalex.org/W2883671469","https://openalex.org/W2110168585","https://openalex.org/W3107474891","https://openalex.org/W2250213760","https://openalex.org/W4386247111","https://openalex.org/W4327642362","https://openalex.org/W2587014613"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,6,57,67],"description":[4],"of":[5,12,32,56,69],"new":[7,30,41],"approach":[8],"to":[9,20],"the":[10,29,50,75],"organization":[11],"natural":[13],"language":[14],"processing":[15],"(NLP)":[16],"in":[17,25],"general":[18],"and":[19,37,45,54,71,82],"machine":[21],"translation":[22],"(MT)":[23],"architecture":[24],"particular,":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28],"ideas":[31],"behavior-based":[33],"(BB)":[34],"artificial":[35],"intelligence":[36],"MT":[38],"conceptions.":[39],"These":[40],"NLP":[42],"technological":[43],"priniciples":[44],"approaches":[46],"were":[47],"taken":[48],"as":[49,74],"basis":[51],"for":[52],"creation":[53],"development":[55],"polyfunctional":[58],"multilanguage":[59],"system":[60],"\"Linguistic":[61],"Automaton\"":[62],"(LINGTON)":[63],"carried":[64],"out":[65],"by":[66,84],"team":[68],"scientists":[70],"researchers,":[72],"known":[73],"International":[76],"Speech":[77],"Statistics":[78],"Group":[79],"(SSG)":[80],"founded":[81],"headed":[83],"Prof.":[85],"Rajmund":[86],"Piotrowski.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}