{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2020562077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340950060204","title":"Successfully Teaching Relational Database Concepts to Computer Literacy Students: The Spreadsheet Metaphor","display_name":"Successfully Teaching Relational Database Concepts to Computer Literacy Students: The Spreadsheet Metaphor","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2020562077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340950060204","mag":"2020562077"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0899340950060204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340950060204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020241139","display_name":"James F. Barlak","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802234544","display_name":"Stark State College","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9ht188","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802234544"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James F. Barlak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stark Technical College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stark Technical College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802234544"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035722486","display_name":"Geoffrey Steinberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149910238","display_name":"Kent State University","ror":"https://ror.org/049pfb863","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Steinberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kent State University","Kent State Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kent State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kent State Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149910238"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21340557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"161","last_page":"178"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13034","display_name":"Information Systems Education and Curriculum Development","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12573","display_name":"Education and Digital Technologies","score":0.9797999858856201,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12171","display_name":"Open Education and E-Learning","score":0.9768999814987183,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.821541428565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-database","display_name":"Relational database","score":0.6859942078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaphor","display_name":"Metaphor","score":0.617135226726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","score":0.5714651346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy","display_name":"Literacy","score":0.4508124589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-literacy","display_name":"Computer literacy","score":0.41961216926574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.41471320390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.33178606629371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21215134859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20240327715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.13301002979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09328076243400574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.821541428565979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5655090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192588","display_name":"Relational database","level":2,"score":0.6859942078590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18534","display_name":"Metaphor","level":2,"score":0.617135226726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5714651346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.4508124589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192531217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595868","display_name":"Computer literacy","level":2,"score":0.41961216926574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.41471320390701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.33178606629371643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21215134859085083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20240327715873718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.13301002979278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09328076243400574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0899340950060204","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340950060204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W582983836","https://openalex.org/W1514596996","https://openalex.org/W1533789579","https://openalex.org/W1554948430","https://openalex.org/W1561838558","https://openalex.org/W1574036980","https://openalex.org/W1588744823","https://openalex.org/W1968211101","https://openalex.org/W1980593344","https://openalex.org/W1991532124","https://openalex.org/W1997860380","https://openalex.org/W2000667251","https://openalex.org/W2020825770","https://openalex.org/W2024084978","https://openalex.org/W2025782985","https://openalex.org/W2046160802","https://openalex.org/W2052630338","https://openalex.org/W2088610268","https://openalex.org/W2092868721","https://openalex.org/W2114227046","https://openalex.org/W2117058655","https://openalex.org/W2138709157","https://openalex.org/W2986260283","https://openalex.org/W3083672846"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593456883","https://openalex.org/W4376458480","https://openalex.org/W2369400006","https://openalex.org/W2380816171","https://openalex.org/W3143433749","https://openalex.org/W2107482851","https://openalex.org/W2048412262","https://openalex.org/W1564905418","https://openalex.org/W2068905513","https://openalex.org/W124815281"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"challenge":[1,13],"facing":[2],"computer":[3,49,89],"literacy":[4,50,90],"classes":[5],"is":[6,14],"the":[7,17,44,48,60,73,79,82,121],"proper":[8],"course":[9,34],"content":[10],"level.":[11],"The":[12,115],"to":[15,19,56,92,111],"take":[16],"students":[18,91],"a":[20,63,66],"higher":[21],"level":[22],"academically":[23],"but":[24],"without":[25],"driving":[26],"them":[27],"away":[28],"because":[29],"they":[30],"feel":[31],"an":[32],"\u201ceasy\u201d":[33],"has":[35],"become":[36],"\u201chard.\u201d":[37],"Accepting":[38],"this":[39,76],"challenge,":[40],"we":[41],"have":[42],"moved":[43],"database":[45],"portion":[46],"of":[47,81,84,109,120],"class":[51,98],"beyond":[52],"keystrokes":[53],"(rote":[54],"learning)":[55],"data":[57,122],"modeling":[58],"using":[59],"spreadsheet":[61],"as":[62],"metaphor":[64,77],"for":[65],"relational":[67,85,103],"database.":[68],"Although":[69],"not":[70],"found":[71],"in":[72],"current":[74],"literature,":[75],"facilitates":[78],"understanding":[80],"foundations":[83],"theory":[86,104],"and":[87,105],"enables":[88],"designnormalized":[93],"multi\u2010entity":[94],"databases":[95],"within":[96],"several":[97],"sessions.":[99],"Students":[100],"then":[101],"combine":[102],"their":[106],"keystroke":[107],"knowledge":[108],"dBASE":[110],"implement":[112],"finished":[113],"applications.":[114],"resultant":[116],"applications":[117],"are":[118],"free":[119],"redundancy":[123],"problems":[124],"that":[125],"often":[126],"plague":[127],"non\u2010normalized":[128],"databases.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}