{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2085186119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340900010402","title":"A Simple Methodology for Studying Program Time Complexity","display_name":"A Simple Methodology for Studying Program Time Complexity","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2085186119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340900010402","mag":"2085186119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/0899340900010402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340900010402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087979002","display_name":"Alan W. Biermann","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153043","display_name":"Duke University Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04bct7p84","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876","https://openalex.org/I4210144876","https://openalex.org/I4210153043"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36194607","display_name":"Duke Energy (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/030r69d22","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36194607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alan W. Biermann","raw_affiliation_strings":["\n                   \n               Duke University","Duke University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\n                   \n               Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36194607","https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I4210153043"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087979002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317","https://openalex.org/I36194607","https://openalex.org/I4210153043"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20103503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"281","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.9805999994277954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9031013250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.7184734344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6503906846046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parsing","display_name":"Parsing","score":0.5754402875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.5568239092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.4898216426372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.48430076241493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-code","display_name":"Program code","score":0.4439311623573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.41242244839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27554851770401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9031013250350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.7184734344482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6503906846046448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186644900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194152","display_name":"Parsing","level":2,"score":0.5754402875900269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.5568239092826843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.4898216426372528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.48430076241493225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988963302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629206","display_name":"Program code","level":2,"score":0.4439311623573303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.41242244839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27554851770401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/0899340900010402","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/0899340900010402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97147119","display_name":"Computer Science Education","issn_l":"0899-3408","issn":["0899-3408","1744-5175"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Education","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1595299196","https://openalex.org/W1816021846","https://openalex.org/W2119017556","https://openalex.org/W2753176400","https://openalex.org/W3119027021","https://openalex.org/W4205722354","https://openalex.org/W4249958171"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1547163237","https://openalex.org/W3142405157","https://openalex.org/W236705921","https://openalex.org/W173415492","https://openalex.org/W2370266886","https://openalex.org/W3127561149","https://openalex.org/W2379638450","https://openalex.org/W2373724792","https://openalex.org/W2145097403","https://openalex.org/W4206273187"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Computer":[0],"programming":[1],"students":[2,30],"need":[3],"to":[4,16,49,111],"develop":[5],"an":[6],"early":[7],"awareness":[8],"of":[9,18,23,65,68,73,76,84],"execution":[10,57],"time":[11,101],"considerations.":[12],"All":[13],"decisions":[14],"related":[15],"selection":[17],"data":[19],"structures":[20],"and":[21,52,70],"construction":[22,72],"code":[24],"should":[25],"account":[26],"for":[27,36,55,103],"timing,":[28],"yet":[29],"have":[31],"few":[32],"intellectual":[33],"tools":[34],"adequate":[35],"the":[37,66,71,81,85,92,99,104,113],"task.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40],"provides":[41],"a":[42,63,74,96],"simple":[43],"methodology":[44,60],"that":[45],"enables":[46],"college":[47],"freshmen":[48],"model":[50,75],"programs":[51],"derive":[53],"bounds":[54],"their":[56],"times.":[58],"The":[59],"begins":[61],"with":[62],"study":[64],"program":[67],"interest":[69],"its":[77],"control":[78],"structure.":[79],"Then":[80],"syntactic":[82],"parse":[83],"model,":[86],"using":[87],"seven":[88],"rules":[89],"given":[90],"in":[91],"paper,":[93],"generates":[94],"as":[95],"side":[97],"effect":[98],"bounding":[100],"formula":[102],"original":[105],"program.":[106],"Several":[107],"examples":[108],"are":[109],"included":[110],"demonstrate":[112],"method.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
